Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004653">
                <pb pagenum="458" xlink:href="016/01/107.jpg"/>
              aliqua ex parte lædi pateretur, arbitror po­
                <lb/>
              tius metallicam fuiſſe, velut ſtibij: nam lu­
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              crum abundabat, & in ſingulas vices de auro
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              non minus colligebat pecuniarum, vt ſi ex
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              tam vilibus herbis collecta fuiſſet, haud tam
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              parcè ea vti debuerit.
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              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004654">
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              Æs.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004655">Poſt plumbum æs ſuccedit: cuius vſus
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              antiquo tempore non ſolùm ad arma, qui­
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              bus teguntur homines, & clypeos, ſed etiam
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              lanceas vtilis fuit. </s>
              <s id="s.004656">Itaque Homerus Mene­
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              laum perſequentem Paridem dixit,
                <foreign lang="grc">ἔγχει
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                χαλκείῳ. </foreign>
              </s>
              <s id="s.004657">Æternam habet in conſtructioni­
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              bus perſeuerantiam, quòd non vt ferrum,
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              chalybſue tangatur rubigine. </s>
              <s id="s.004658">Cùm enim tria
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              ſint, elementa quæ humorem mittunt, ter­
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              ra, aqua, aër: corrumpuntur autem & fer­
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              ruginem ducunt metalla ab humore, quod
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              ab humoris iniuria tutum eſt, tutum eſt
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              etiam ſiue ſub dio ſit, ſeu in aquis merſum,
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              ſeu ſepultum in terra. </s>
              <s id="s.004659">Superius verò de­
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              monſtrauimus, omnem materiam quæ plus
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              iuſto exuſta ſit, ab humoris iniuria eſſe tu­
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              tam, velut eſt æs, quod vel ſolo odore pro­
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              dit vſtionem: neceſſe eſt igitur in conſtru­
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              ctionibus æs ipſum æternum eſſe: ob quam
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              cauſam in pretio antiquo tempore fuiſſe
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              magis exiſtimo ferro, quòd non atterere­
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              tur æuo, nec vſu. </s>
              <s id="s.004660">Nunc cùm auaritiæ con­
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              ſulatur, ferro minus vtiliter vtuntur.
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              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004661">
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              Æs in con­
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              ſtructionibus
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              cur æter­
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              num.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004662">
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              Muſicorum
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              organorum
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              varia imi­
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              tatio.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004663">Ære etiam fiſtulæ fiunt organorum mu­
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              ſicorum: quædam plumbo candido, aliæ li­
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              gno: atque ita in eodem organo audies tu­
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              bas, cornua, fiſtulas, tibias, tympana, lyram,
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              teſtudinem, citharam, mira varietate, tum
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              etiam alias voces alternatis modis reſonan­
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              tes. </s>
              <s id="s.004664">Solum deerat humana, quæ eò diffici­
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              lius imitatur, quòd ſuauior eſt cæteris. </s>
              <s id="s.004665">Æs
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              propriè tubis conuenit, vt Doricam muſi­
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              cam alacri & maximo ſtrepitu excitet, at­
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              que ob id homines ad prælium accendat.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.004666">Ære noſtro durius Cyprium: duplex hoc,
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              naturàle, interlucentibus aureis maculis,
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              vt vidi. </s>
              <s id="s.004667">Inuentum referunt in Hiſpania
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              noui orbis inſula fruſtum ponderis librarum
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              200. alibi ferri vel æris legitur: adeò in
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              magnam molem excreſcit. </s>
              <s id="s.004668">Arte etiam con­
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              ſtat, vocatur cuprum, vocis ſimilitudine:
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              nobilius in ſingulas æris, libras quatuor ha­
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              bet, candidi plumbi, quod ſtannum voca­
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              mus libram: & vſque ad octauam partem
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              æris immiſtum plumbum candidum, nobi­
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              le reddit cuprum. </s>
              <s id="s.004669">Quòd ſi aurichalcum albi
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              plumbi loco ſubiiciatur, vilius erit. </s>
              <s id="s.004670">Si ni­
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              grum impenſæ vitandæ ( vt ſolet) cauſa,
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              plumbum loco candidi æri miſceatur, vi­
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              liſſimum fit. </s>
              <s id="s.004671">Cupri vſus ad machinas ma­
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              gnas igneas, ad ollas, & ad lebetes. </s>
              <s id="s.004672">Præſtat
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              in hoc æri multum, quòd etiam abſque
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              ſtanno non inficiat edulia ſapore vllo, vel
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              odore.
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              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004673">
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              Æs cyprium
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              naturale.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004674">
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              Aes cyprium
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              quomodo
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              fiat.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004675">
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              Aurichal­
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              cum, & eius
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              compoſitio.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004676">Aurichalcum & ipſum arte conſtat, &
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              antiquum eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.004677">Apollonius in Argonau­
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              tica:
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                <emph type="quote"/>
                <foreign lang="grc">Λαμπετίη δ´ ἐπὶ βουσὶν ὀρειχάλκειο φαεινοῦ,
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                Πάλλεν ὀπιδέουτα ἠναλαύρόπα</foreign>
              .
                <emph.end type="quote"/>
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              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004678">
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              Ariſtotelis
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              liber de Ar­
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              canis.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004679">Refert ad tempora Argonautarum, vo­
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              catque Orichalcum, Plautus aurichalcum.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.004680">Cælius recitat Ariſtotelem dixiſſe in arca­
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              nis, aurichalcum ſeu orichalcum nuſquam
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              effodi. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004681">Ferrum verò effoditur contraria ratione,
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              nec eſt factitium viliſſimum, nobiliſſimum,
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              bonis ac malis vſibus æquè inſeruiens.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.004682">Molleſcit ſucco corticum fabæ aut maluæ, ſi
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              in his, non aqua, extinguatur. </s>
              <s id="s.004683">Vt verò cùm
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              foditur, ductile fiat, torretur gleba, ac ſub
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              dio exponitur: imbribus molleſcit quod
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              terreum eſt, ſole colliquatur quod eſt hu­
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              midum, ignibus acrior pars, & quæ quaſi
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              illi venenum eſt, abſumitur. </s>
              <s id="s.004684">Ita dum ſæ­
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              piùs torretur, dio exponitur, molle fit ac
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              quantumvis tractabile. </s>
              <s id="s.004685">Fila etiam ferrea ſi
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              ignita per ſe refrigerati permittantur, adeò
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              ductilia euadunt, vt vice lini ad vincien­
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              dum vti poſſis. </s>
              <s id="s.004686">Præſtat tamen filum per ſe
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              molle ac tenax primò elegiſſe, quale refe­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg654"/>
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              runt apud Suedones Germaniæ populos
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              eſſe, quod Oſemutum vocant. </s>
              <s id="s.004687">Molle itaque
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              ferrum hoc modo cælatur: pingitur quod
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              fingere cupis in ferro, ex aduerſo pila plum­
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              bea ſubiicitur, inde malleolo tunditur pars
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              quam compreſſam cupis: quæ prominere
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              debet, plumbo excepta non ſubſidet: ita
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              animalium & plantarum ſubtiliter imagi­
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              nes referunt, vt cera expreſſas & elaboratas
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              acutis ſcapellis diceres. </s>
              <s id="s.004688">Si verò aqua frigida
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              ferrum dum candet, extinguatur, & durum,
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              & minimè ductile, & fragile euadere neceſſe
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              eſt: nam aquæ frigore cogitur ignis qui in­
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              tus eſt, humidumque innatum ferri celeri­
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              ter abſumit: quo cùm ductile eſſet, ac ob
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              id molle, ſublato, fragile & durum euade­
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              re neceſſe eſt: vnde patet, nihil quod tenax
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              ſit, durum valde eſſe poſſe. </s>
              <s id="s.004689">Refert Gonzalus
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              Fernandus Ouiedus in ſeptimo Indicarum
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              rerum noui orbis orbis ( autor inſignis, ac
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              meo iudicio verax atque eruditus, adeò vt
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              hunc ſolùm antiquis inter hiſtoricos noſtræ
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              ætatis adnumerari dignum cenſeam, cuius
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              librum dedit mihi vir illuſtris Franciſcus
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              Duardus Hiſpanus, Cæſaris in Italia quæ­
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              ſtor, patritius, humanitatis, iuſtitiæ, pruden­
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              tiaque ſingularis, & erga eruditos mirum in
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              modum animo propenſus ) Indos captiuos
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              Cabuiæ herbæ filo & arena compedes ſeca­
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              re, atque ita fugæ conſulere: eſſeque hoc
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              frequens in ea inſula Hiſpaniola. </s>
              <s id="s.004690">Quòd ſi
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              ita eſt, contumax oportet eſſe filum illud
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              Cabuiæ, vt trahi poſſit multum, & celeriter
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              duci, tum latum & planum, ne arena ſubſi­
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              liat: arenam verò tenuem, & aſperam, ac
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              duram, qualis vt dicemus Smirij lapidis: nam
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              non aliter ferrum ſcindi poterit. </s>
              <s id="s.004691">Sic etiam
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              anchoras diuiſas refert: nam diuturno, aſſi­
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              duo, celerique tractu, ſi duriores lapides di­
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              uiduntur, quid mirum de ferro? </s>
              <s id="s.004692">Præſtat limæ
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              modus hic, quòd non exaudiatur: vnde limæ
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              ſurdæ, quæ tenues,
                <expan abbr="lẽtè">lentè</expan>
              , ſed
                <expan abbr="abſq;">abſque</expan>
              ſono
                <expan abbr="ſecãt">ſecant</expan>
              . </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004693">
                <margin.target id="marg653"/>
              Ferrum quo­
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              modo mol­
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              leſcat.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004694">
                <margin.target id="marg654"/>
              Ferrum quo­
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              modo cæle­
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              tur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004695">
                <margin.target id="marg655"/>
              Ferrum quo­
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              modo filo di­
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              uidetur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004696">
                <margin.target id="marg656"/>
              Franciſcus
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              Duardus
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              Cæſareus
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              Quæſtor.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004697">Sed ferro nobilior chalybs, duplex, natiuus
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg657"/>
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              atque factitius, vrerque duriſſimus, atque ea
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              (vt dixi) cauſa, eo ferro fragilior. </s>
              <s id="s.004698">Factitius ex
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              duriſſimo ferro repurgato, & marmore con­
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              ſtat. </s>
              <s id="s.004699">Optimus, qui minutiſſimis granis ac ni­
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              tentibus lucet, ferrugine nulla, nullis rimis
                <lb/>
              ferroque leuior. </s>
              <s id="s.004700">Repurgatus optimè, inde
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              candens, extinctus ſucco raphani & aqua
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              terreſtrium vermium pari menſura terue
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              quaterve, ferrum vt plumbum ſcindit.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.004701">Nam expertum hoc Albertus ſe, refert.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.004702">Contingit hoc, cuius experimentum adhuc </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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