Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.005797">
                <pb pagenum="482" xlink:href="016/01/131.jpg"/>
              mediæ, vt ſambucus. </s>
              <s id="s.005798">Sunt & quæ ſpontè
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              proueniunt, & quæ ſeruntur, & quæ in­
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              ſitione aut ſurculis defoſſis, vt ſalix, &
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              vitis: vel alieno ſemine. </s>
              <s id="s.005799">Hærent quædam,
                <lb/>
              vt hedera: aliæ innaſcuntur, vt viſcum:
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              aliæ repunt, vt chamæciſſos: aliæ terræ ad­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg832"/>
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              naſcuntur, vt muſchus, & lichen. </s>
              <s id="s.005800">Sed muſ­
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              chus etiam arboribus hæret, & aquis. </s>
              <s id="s.005801">Sunt
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              & ſalubres, & noxiæ: nam taxus, nux, cau­
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              les, & ſabina, & ſpartum ac lipum, & ge­
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              neraliter omnia malè olentia, vt bombyces,
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              & cuniculi, & his magis ſues, aërem vitiant.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.005802">In quibuſdam eſt videre ſexum, vt in quer­
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              cu, & robore, ac ilice: in quibuſdam nequa­
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              quam, velut oleis ac vitibus. </s>
              <s id="s.005803">Quædam
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              propriam quandam habent ſubſtantiam, vt
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              palma. </s>
              <s id="s.005804">Quædam fructus habent hærentes
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              ramis, quædam ſiliquo, quædam tegmi­
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              ne alio, vt caſtanea, incluſos: quædam
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              pediculo annexos, vt ceraſa. </s>
              <s id="s.005805">Quædam non
                <lb/>
              niſi certis regionibus inueniuntur, aliæ au­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg833"/>
                <lb/>
              tem paſſim. </s>
              <s id="s.005806">Nam buxus, rebus, & filix,
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              frigido cœlo, atque eò vbi ſæuiat hyems,
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              ſpontè, meliúſque proueniunt: de rubo mo­
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              ra ferente loquor, ideò argumenta ſunt
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              frigidæ prouinciæ, vt triticum temperatæ:
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg834"/>
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              & odorata vehementer, quæ aromata Græ­
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              ci vocant, calidæ. </s>
              <s id="s.005807">Nam vehementer cali­
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              da ſemina in frigido aëre, cùm tenuiſſimæ
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              ſint ſubſtantiæ, adoleſcere nequeunt. </s>
              <s id="s.005808">Nec
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              natura abſque aëris auxilio adeò poteſt
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              fructuum ſubſtantiam concoquere, ſiccare
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              & attenuare: poteſt hoc tamen in radici­
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              bus.
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg835"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.005809">
                <margin.target id="marg827"/>
              Pappus vnde
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              fiat.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.005810">
                <margin.target id="marg828"/>
              Florum co­
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              lores.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.005811">
                <margin.target id="marg829"/>
              Flores cur
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              virides, net
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              nigri.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.005812">
                <margin.target id="marg830"/>
              Plantarum
                <lb/>
              differentiæ.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.005813">
                <margin.target id="marg831"/>
              Modi
                <expan abbr="quibu">quibus</expan>
                <lb/>
              proueniunt.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.005814">
                <margin.target id="marg832"/>
              Plantæ
                <expan abbr="aërẽ">aërem</expan>
                <lb/>
              vitlantes.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.005815">
                <margin.target id="marg833"/>
              Rubus, & fi­
                <lb/>
              lix arguunt
                <lb/>
              aſperam
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              hyemem.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.005816">
                <margin.target id="marg834"/>
              Cur aroma­
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              ta ſolum in
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              calidiſſimis
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              regionibus.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.005817">
                <margin.target id="marg835"/>
              Plantarum
                <lb/>
              partes.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.005818">Porrò plantarum partes ſunt, radix,
                <lb/>
              truncus, rami, folia, fructus, pediculi, vm­
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              bellæ, acini, ſemina, flores, lanugo, lig­
                <lb/>
              num, cortex, neruus, membrana, vena,
                <lb/>
              matrix, ſeu medulla, humor, lachryma,
                <lb/>
              nodus, & alia multa: his igitur atque aliis
                <lb/>
              cauſis arbores, & herbæ inuicem diffe­
                <lb/>
              runt.
                <arrow.to.target n="marg836"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.005819">
                <margin.target id="marg836"/>
              Tenuitatis
                <lb/>
              ratio in ar­
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              boribus.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.005820">Lib. 1. de
                <lb/>
              plantar. cau.
                <lb/>
              1.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.005821">Ergo tenuiores ſunt arbores: primò quæ­
                <lb/>
              cunque fronde perpetua circumueſtiuntur,
                <lb/>
              vt quæ calidiores ſint ac ſicciores, vel Theo­
                <lb/>
              phraſto teſte, velut palma, oliua, cedrus,
                <lb/>
              myrtus. </s>
              <s id="s.005822">Hæc tamen ratio haud in herbis
                <lb/>
              conſtat, cùm ſemperuiuum craſſioris ſub­
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              ſtantiæ ſit, & tamen hyeme folia reti­
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              neat: in vtriſque tamen, & agreſtes dome­
                <lb/>
              ſticis, & odoratæ olentibus grauiter, aut
                <lb/>
              omninò nihil olentibus, ſunt tenuiores.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.005823">Similiter, ſi in montibus naſcantur: vnde
                <arrow.to.target n="marg837"/>
                <lb/>
              hæ omnes à medicis præferuntur. </s>
              <s id="s.005824">Sed cur
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              radices frequentiùs cæteris partibus, flori­
                <lb/>
              bus duntaxat exceptis, odoratiores? </s>
              <s id="s.005825">ve­
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              lut in ſanamunda. </s>
              <s id="s.005826">At cauſa eſt, quoniam
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              in radicibus melior concoctio perficitur.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.005827">Olent autem benè, quæcunque humidum
                <lb/>
              benè concoctum habent, tale enim tenuiſ­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg838"/>
                <lb/>
              ſimum eſt ac denſiſſimum eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.005828">Quocirca flo­
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              res omnes fermè benè olent, quoniam te­
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              nuiſſimus eſt humor, ac admodum exi­
                <lb/>
              guus, qui in eis continetur, vnde facilli­
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              mè concoquitur. </s>
              <s id="s.005829">Sed vt facillimè conco­
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              quitur, ita etiam eadem cauſa faciliùs pe­
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              rit: manet in radicibus, & truncis, ve­
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              lut aſpalatho, ſanthalum nos vocamus:
                <lb/>
              nam terreæ ſubſtantiæ firmiter tenuis illa
                <lb/>
              humidi concocti ſubſtantiæ hæret. </s>
              <s id="s.005830">Itaque
                <lb/>
              pueris quibuſdam, & iuuenibus, etiam
                <lb/>
              benè olere aliquando non fruſtrà ſpiritum
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg839"/>
                <lb/>
              perperàm poſſe ſenibus aut intemperatis
                <lb/>
              creditum eſt: nam in pueris humidum te­
                <lb/>
              nue, in iuuenibus modicum à magno calore
                <lb/>
              optimè, benè poteſt concoqui. </s>
              <s id="s.005831">Senibus ca­
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              loris paruitatis, intemperatis certè humidi
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              qualitas obſtat, quò minùs perfecta con­
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              coctio poſſit abſolui. </s>
              <s id="s.005832">Atque ea ratione re­
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              ferunt quidam Alexandro ſpiritum olim
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg840"/>
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              ſuauem fuiſſe, quòd corpus ſiccius haberet,
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              & colorem vehementiſſimum: quamobrem
                <lb/>
              multis diebus inter ſummos calores cada­
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              uer illius abſque odore tetro ſeruatum eſt:
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              quanquam non negauerim aut arte ſerua­
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              tum, aut veneni eadem vi, qua etiam extin­
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              ctus fuiſſe creditur. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.005833">
                <margin.target id="marg837"/>
              Cur radices
                <lb/>
              plerunque
                <lb/>
              odoratæ.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.005834">
                <margin.target id="marg838"/>
              Cur flores
                <lb/>
              omnes fermè
                <lb/>
              benè olent.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.005835">
                <margin.target id="marg839"/>
              Pueris & iu
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              uenibus ſpi­
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              ritus benè
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              olere poteſt,
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              non ſenibus,
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              nec intempe­
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              ratis.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.005836">
                <margin.target id="marg840"/>
              Alexandro
                <lb/>
              ſpiritum be­
                <lb/>
              nè olentem
                <lb/>
              fuiſſe.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.005837">Verùm vt ad partes plantarum redeam,
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg841"/>
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              quæ animalibus ſingulæ ac illorum par­
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              tibus reſpondent: radices ventri vt exiſti­
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              mat Theophraſtus, nos tamen potiùs ori
                <lb/>
              illas aſſimilamus, caudicis verò, & trunci
                <lb/>
              partem imam, ventri, folia pilis, cortex
                <lb/>
              corio ac cuti, lignum oſſibus: venæ venis,
                <lb/>
              ac nerui arborum, & herbarum, his qui
                <lb/>
              verò ſunt in animalibus: viſceribus anima­
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              lium in quibuſdam matrix, quæ ſine matrice
                <lb/>
              viuere nequeunt: in aliis autem, vt ſalice,
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              quarum vita eſt in cortice, cortex non ma­
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              trix, imò in ſalicibus matricis pinguedinis
                <lb/>
              loco habenda: oua floribus, ſemen ſemini,
                <lb/>
              extremitates autem animalium, ramis: fru­
                <lb/>
              ctus ipſe ſanguinem menſtruum refert, cui
                <lb/>
              includitur plerunque ſemen. </s>
              <s id="s.005838">Sunt verò &
                <lb/>
              partium partes dignæ conſideratione, ve­
                <lb/>
              lut radicis: ipſius enim eſt lignoſa media,
                <lb/>
              ex qua plerunque planta germinat. </s>
              <s id="s.005839">Ea ma­
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              ioribus ob id viribus prædita eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.005840">Vnde ſi ex
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              allio auferatur, neque adeò quod relinqui­
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              tur acre eſt, nec tam malè olet, videtúr­
                <lb/>
              que minùs certè ſuccoſa. </s>
              <s id="s.005841">Secunda eſt tuni­
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              ca, quæ tenuis eſt admodum: tertia verò,
                <lb/>
              ipſum pericarpium: quarta, tunica exterior
                <lb/>
              pericarpium circundans. </s>
              <s id="s.005842">Pericarpium voco
                <lb/>
              non propriè, cùm tamen dicatur de eo,
                <lb/>
              quod ſemen in fructu, imo fructum cir
                <lb/>
              cundat, ſed quod lignum in radice ſeminis
                <lb/>
              loco ambit. </s>
              <s id="s.005843">Vnde in decoctis malè faciunt
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg842"/>
                <lb/>
              medici, qui ligneam partem abiiciunt, cùm
                <lb/>
              ſit omnium præſtantiſſima: quod enim ger­
                <lb/>
              men effundit, hoc ſolùm habet vires, quia
                <lb/>
              ſolùm vixit. </s>
              <s id="s.005844">Ideò lignoſa pars, aut ſola,
                <lb/>
              aut maximè medicamentoſa eſt: pullulat
                <lb/>
              enim ſolùm quod viuit, atque ea parte, qua
                <lb/>
              viuit. </s>
              <s id="s.005845">In cichorea autem ac ſimilibus, fo­
                <lb/>
              lia quædam etiam è cortice germinant, ſed
                <lb/>
              ſemen, & flos maximè è ligno. </s>
              <s id="s.005846">Ergo vt
                <lb/>
              folia ſtipiti, ita cortex ligno: vtrunque enim
                <lb/>
              tutelæ gratia. </s>
              <s id="s.005847">Mutatur autem ima parte ſuc­
                <lb/>
              cus in radicem, media nutritur radix, ſu­
                <lb/>
              prema quod radicis eſt in germen. </s>
              <s id="s.005848">Opti­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg843"/>
                <lb/>
              ma igitur ſuprema radicis pars, & à terræ
                <lb/>
              naturæ magis aliena. </s>
              <s id="s.005849">Similiter & in flo­
                <lb/>
              ribus: eſt enim ſolium floris, quod ſem­
                <lb/>
              per nitet, & in omnibus, quoniam ex te­
                <lb/>
              nuiſſima ſubſtantia conſtat: & calix ſeu va­
                <lb/>
              ginulæ, quibus flos continetur: & ſemen,
                <lb/>
              cuius cauſa flos factus eſt, ſicut illud genera­
                <lb/>
              tionis, & pediculus, in quo omnia hæc im­
                <lb/>
              plantantur. </s>
              <s id="s.005850">Quærendum eſt igitur forſan, cur </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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