Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.009142">
                <pb pagenum="553" xlink:href="016/01/202.jpg"/>
              veniant merces, & per loca deſerta,
                <expan abbr="periculo-ſáq;">periculo­
                  <lb/>
                ſáque</expan>
              neceſſe eſt vt ſimul plures veniant mer­
                <lb/>
              catores, ac in modum agminis, ob
                <expan abbr="ſecuritatẽ">ſecuritatem</expan>
              :
                <lb/>
              quare cum in aliquam vrbem ſedem poſue­
                <lb/>
              rint, incommodum nimis eſſet eam ſocieta­
                <lb/>
              tem vagari, non ſolùm mercatoribus, ſed vr­
                <lb/>
              bibus: vnde melius eſt, & longè faciliùs, vi­
                <lb/>
              cinos omnes in eum locum confluere, quod
                <lb/>
              cùm multis perſeuerat annis, contingit
                <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>
                <lb/>
              è paruo pago vrbem fieri populoſiſſimam.
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1270"/>
                <lb/>
              Tales igitur ſunt, Quiſnai, Singui, Camba­
                <lb/>
              la, & Cairum. </s>
              <s id="s.009143">Hanc ciuitatem Gehoar Il­
                <lb/>
              liricus ſeruus Elcaim Mahumetanorum
                <lb/>
              Pontificis in Ægypto ædificauit ſecuritatis
                <lb/>
              cauſa, vocatáque nomine Pontificis Elcaira,
                <lb/>
              inde corruptio, vocabulo Cairum. </s>
              <s id="s.009144">Si quis ob­
                <lb/>
              iiciat Byzantium ſeu Conſtantinopolim, ta­
                <lb/>
              metſi cum his, quæ ſexaginta atque amplius
                <lb/>
              habent paſſuum millia in ambitu, conferri
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1271"/>
                <lb/>
              minimè debeat, cauſa tamen imperium eſt.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.009145">Antiquitate autem nulla nobilior Lycoſura
                <lb/>
              Arcadiæ ciuitate: ante illam inquit Pauſa­
                <lb/>
              nias, ſol ciuitatem non vidit. </s>
              <s id="s.009146">In Lyceo mon­
                <lb/>
              te à Lycaone Pelaſgi filio ædificata eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.009147">Ci­
                <lb/>
              uitates ſitu ac viris conſtant. </s>
              <s id="s.009148">Situs ſalubris,
                <lb/>
              inexpugnabilis, aditúque facilis eſſe debet.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.009149">Inexpugnabilis ſitus eſſe non poteſt, niſi
                <lb/>
              monte, vel palude, aut aquis. </s>
              <s id="s.009150">In montibus
                <lb/>
              aditus difficilis eſt, in paludibus ſalubris eſſe
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1272"/>
                <lb/>
              non poteſt: igitur in aqua ciuitate æterna
                <lb/>
              collocanda eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.009151">At nec in omni aqua, ſed
                <lb/>
              quæ breuibus & vadis abundet. </s>
              <s id="s.009152">Neque bre­
                <lb/>
              uia & vada ſufficiunt, in dulcibus enim
                <lb/>
              aquis inſalubris fiet aër. </s>
              <s id="s.009153">Quòd ſi à conti­
                <lb/>
              nente abſit plurimùm, aut mari obruetur,
                <lb/>
              aut ſiccabuntur vada: quæ ſi ſiccentur, fama
                <lb/>
              intereat neceſſe eſt: nam nec nauigationi
                <lb/>
              locus, nec agri in mari eſſe poſſunt. </s>
              <s id="s.009154">Talis ſi­
                <lb/>
              tus eſt Venetianum, & Singui vbi ſex mil­
                <lb/>
              lia pontium lapideorum, & Quiſnai, vbi
                <lb/>
              duodecim millia, & in Amſterdano Batauo­
                <lb/>
              rum, ſeu Holandiæ vrbe. </s>
              <s id="s.009155">Atque has omnes
                <lb/>
              & maximas, & opulentiſſimas eſſe haud du­
                <lb/>
              bium eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.009156">Quod ad viros attinet, horum duæ
                <lb/>
              ſunt partes, corporea ménſque. </s>
              <s id="s.009157">Corpori­
                <lb/>
              bus vtimur ad ea, quæ mens docet, & im­
                <lb/>
              perat. </s>
              <s id="s.009158">Mens pura eſſe nequit, nec cui omnes
                <lb/>
              libenter pareant, niſi quòd puriſſimum eſt
                <lb/>
              illius ſeparetur & imperet. </s>
              <s id="s.009159">Pars autem hæc
                <lb/>
              mentis, lex vocatur. </s>
              <s id="s.009160">Sola igitur ciuitas in
                <lb/>
              qua lex imperet, non homines, & corpora
                <lb/>
              hominum militari robore exercitata, ſitúſ­
                <lb/>
              que tum ſalubris, tum tutus, & aditu fa­
                <lb/>
              cilis, æterna in libertate manere, id eſt, diu­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1273"/>
                <lb/>
              turna poteſt. </s>
              <s id="s.009161">Talis eſt Venetiarum conditio:
                <lb/>
              quamobrem vrbi Venetiarum vel ſola, vel
                <lb/>
              maximè libera vrbs meretur appellari. </s>
              <s id="s.009162">Di­
                <lb/>
              ctum eſt autem de his alibi. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.009163">
                <margin.target id="marg1269"/>
              Ratio tri­
                <lb/>
              plex magni
                <lb/>
              tudinis vr­
                <lb/>
              bium.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.009164">
                <margin.target id="marg1270"/>
              Quatuor vr­
                <lb/>
              bes maximæ
                <lb/>
              orbis.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.009165">Cairi vrbis
                <lb/>
              origo.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.009166">
                <margin.target id="marg1271"/>
              Lycoſura ci­
                <lb/>
              uitatum om­
                <lb/>
              nium prima.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.009167">
                <margin.target id="marg1272"/>
              Vrbium ater­
                <lb/>
              narum quin­
                <lb/>
              que conditio­
                <lb/>
              nes.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.009168">
                <margin.target id="marg1273"/>
              Veneta vr ur­bis laus.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.009169">Tertia diſcriminis ratio, ex lingua eſt: nec
                <lb/>
              eſt aliud in quo plus homo ab homine dif­
                <lb/>
              ferat, cùm cætera animalia iiſdem vocibus
                <lb/>
              eoſdem demonſtrent affectus. </s>
              <s id="s.009170">Solus homo
                <lb/>
              ab homine non plus intelligitur, quàm à leo­
                <lb/>
              ne hirundo. </s>
              <s id="s.009171">Quot verò ſint diſcrimina lin­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1274"/>
                <lb/>
              guarum, explicare numero vix queam. </s>
              <s id="s.009172">Sunt
                <lb/>
              tamen ſex ſimplicia genera: ab ore, & hi
                <lb/>
              quaſi ſibilant: à lingua intra dentes, à lingua
                <lb/>
              exerta: tum hæc duplex, vt in labiis, & in
                <lb/>
              palato: à gutture, & à pectore. </s>
              <s id="s.009173">Licet autem
                <lb/>
              hæc omnia fermè diſcrimina in Italia inſpi­
                <lb/>
              cere: nam Florentini gula, Veneti Palato,
                <lb/>
              Neapolitani dentibus, Ianuenſes labiis pro­
                <lb/>
              ferunt. </s>
              <s id="s.009174">In vniuerſum lingua quatuor modis
                <lb/>
              ſimplicibus ſermonem edit acuta, reflexa, ſu­
                <lb/>
              perius, inferius, & libera. </s>
              <s id="s.009175">Libera lingua eſt
                <lb/>
              Romana, ſuperius inflectitur Anglica. </s>
              <s id="s.009176">Fiunt
                <lb/>
              autem modi compoſiti quinquaginta ſex,
                <lb/>
              quibus additis ſex ſimplicibus, erunt ex pro­
                <lb/>
              lationis differentia ſexaginta duo linguarum
                <lb/>
              genera. </s>
              <s id="s.009177">Sed hæc variantur ſingula pro no­
                <lb/>
              minum ratione, vt homo Latinè
                <foreign lang="grc">ἄνθρωπος</foreign>
                <lb/>
              Græcè, vmbri Hiſpanicè, etiamſi nulla eſſet
                <lb/>
              in prolatione varietas. </s>
              <s id="s.009178">Quædam etiam eſt
                <lb/>
              differentia in prolationibus, nam vel idem
                <lb/>
              verbum ſubiicitur pluribus prolationum
                <lb/>
              generibus, aut quædam iis, quædam aliis:
                <lb/>
              quis igitur infinita genera linguarum eſſe
                <lb/>
              non nouerit? </s>
              <s id="s.009179">Sunt autem ex his, quæ non
                <lb/>
              facilè nomina iungunt, vt Romana & Hiſ­
                <lb/>
              pana. </s>
              <s id="s.009180">Quædam mira felicitate vtuntur com­
                <lb/>
              poſitis nominibus, vt Græca atque Germa­
                <lb/>
              nica. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.009181">
                <margin.target id="marg1274"/>
              Linguarum
                <lb/>
              diſcrimina.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.009182">Vltimum erat diſcrimen à moribus, vt
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1275"/>
                <lb/>
              ſint qui homines edant, quorum genus ad­
                <lb/>
              huc in Nouo orbe apud Hiſpaniam inſulam
                <lb/>
              perſeuerat. </s>
              <s id="s.009183">Neceſſe eſt autem hos homines
                <lb/>
              feros eſſe, atque
                <expan abbr="eãdem">eandem</expan>
              habere
                <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan>
              quàm
                <lb/>
              lupi ad iumenta. </s>
              <s id="s.009184">Initium ex odio fuit: inde
                <lb/>
              ſapore allecti, atque ignauia, cum nefanda
                <lb/>
              omnia ſuis incrementis augeantur apud ho­
                <lb/>
              mines, in vſum vindicta tranſiit. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.009185">
                <margin.target id="marg1275"/>
              Germania
                <lb/>
              lingua vt
                <lb/>
              Græca felici­
                <lb/>
              ter nomina
                <lb/>
              iungit.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.009186">Homines
                <expan abbr="edẽ">eden
                  <lb/>
                tes</expan>
              humanas
                <lb/>
              carnes.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.009187">Sunt & præter hæc diſcrimina natura­
                <lb/>
              lia ſexus, ætatis ac temperamenti, adeò vt
                <lb/>
              plus homo ab homine differat, quàm à lu­
                <lb/>
              po capra. </s>
              <s id="s.009188">Differunt igitur primùm magni­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1276"/>
                <lb/>
              tudine: & qui ſunt immenſi, gigantes vo­
                <lb/>
              cantur: qui parui, pygmæi ſeu pumiliones.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.009189">Fuiſſe gigantes cùm multa teſtentur monu­
                <lb/>
              menta, id tamen in primis argumento eſſe
                <lb/>
              debet, quòd Claudij Cæſaris temporibus
                <lb/>
              Gabbara nomine Arabs fuit longitudine no­
                <lb/>
              uem pedum ac totidem vnciarum, quæ ſi in
                <lb/>
              noſtram redigatur menſuram, implet ſeptem
                <lb/>
              brachia lignea, & quartam partem cum ſex­
                <lb/>
              tadecima. </s>
              <s id="s.009190">Minus mirum videri poſſit noſtra
                <lb/>
              ætate, cùm inſula gigantum in Nouo orbe
                <lb/>
              inuenta ſit. </s>
              <s id="s.009191">Nec ſcio tamen an is, quem
                <lb/>
              Cæſar noſter Italiæ, non parua cum admi­
                <lb/>
              ratione oſtendit, ex illa inſula eſſet oriun­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1277"/>
                <lb/>
              dus. </s>
              <s id="s.009192">Vnum tamen ſat eſt, Gabbaræ magni­
                <lb/>
              tudinem fuiſſe mirabilem, cùm homo ma­
                <lb/>
              gnus trium brachiorum longitudinem non
                <lb/>
              expleat. </s>
              <s id="s.009193">Adducor autem auctoritate ſcri­
                <lb/>
              bentium olim de re militari, qui tyronum
                <lb/>
              mediocrem magnitudinem quinque pedum
                <lb/>
              eſſe ſtatuerunt: vt quarta parte pes antiquus
                <lb/>
              menſura brachij noſtri minor ſit: ita Gab­
                <lb/>
              bara brachiorum quinque, & trium par­
                <lb/>
              tium è quatuor, ſeu nouem vnciarum,
                <lb/>
              quæ menſura dupla eſt communi hominum
                <lb/>
              ætatis huius magnitudini. </s>
              <s id="s.009194">Vt non abs re
                <lb/>
              dictum ſit ab illis, hominem tanta magni­
                <lb/>
              tudine neque poſt Claudij tempora, nec
                <lb/>
              mille annis ante Auguſtum viſum eſſe. </s>
              <s id="s.009195">An­
                <lb/>
              te autem belli Troiani tempora Aiax Te­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1278"/>
                <lb/>
              lamonius ingentis magnitudinis fuit. </s>
              <s id="s.009196">Re­
                <lb/>
              fert nanque Pauſania, detectum illius mo­
                <lb/>
              numentum inundatione aditu præbente, vi­
                <lb/>
              ſámque genu rotulam diſco Pentathli ado­
                <lb/>
              leſcentis æqualem. </s>
              <s id="s.009197">Hic autem ambitu capitis </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
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    </archimedes>
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