Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.010549">
                <pb pagenum="584" xlink:href="016/01/231.jpg"/>
              ceremonias, & nulla eſſent hæc, niſi tene­
                <lb/>
              bris quibuſdam obſcuritatis
                <expan abbr="adumbrarẽtur">adumbrarentur</expan>
              .
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.010550">At verò obſcuritas, quæ intelligi ſcripta
                <lb/>
              non patitur ignorantia, vt moderatio ſa­
                <lb/>
              pientiæ eſt argumentum. </s>
              <s id="s.010551">Eſt autem ſapien­
                <lb/>
              tis officium pulchras primò dubitationes
                <lb/>
              proponere: ac etiamſi fieri poteſt, vtiles in­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1489"/>
                <lb/>
              de ſolutiones, cauſamque afferre, & nihil
                <lb/>
              circa cauſæ redditionem abſurdum dicere.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.010552">Quo in genere maximè peccant Platonici.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.010553">Sunt verò intellectus
                <foreign lang="grc">Πιτήπια</foreign>
              tria, quibus
                <lb/>
              vtitur principia, experimentum, & ex his
                <lb/>
              conſequentia. </s>
              <s id="s.010554">Quoniam ex ſe, aut ſenſi­
                <lb/>
              bus habet, quæ primò nouit, aut ex his
                <lb/>
              cognoſcit: palàm igitur quod non poſſint
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              eſſe plura: alia autem aliis principia ſunt
                <lb/>
              ſenſu cognita, aut conſequentia. </s>
              <s id="s.010555">Mens au­
                <lb/>
              tem in his non laborauit: æterna enim eſt,
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              velut & ſpecies Æternorum autem quæ­
                <lb/>
              dam non mutantur vt Deus; quædam ſuc­
                <lb/>
              ceſſione, vt cœlum, alia circuitu. </s>
              <s id="s.010556">Species
                <lb/>
              igitur immotæ ſunt, ſed non vt ſupremi
                <lb/>
              intellectus, verum vt mens: non laborat
                <lb/>
              igitur mens, quia in tempore non eſt, imò
                <lb/>
              contemplatio ipſa animum exhilarat, & iu­
                <lb/>
              uentutem producit. </s>
              <s id="s.010557">Viuimus enim tantum­
                <lb/>
              modo dum contemplamur, quoniam vita
                <lb/>
              ea verè ſola eſt, quæ diuis conuenit ſem­
                <lb/>
              piterno æuo, talis autem hæc ſola in
                <lb/>
              nobis.
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1490"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.010558">
                <margin.target id="marg1489"/>
              Sapientis
                <lb/>
              tria munera.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.010559">
                <margin.target id="marg1490"/>
              Quomodo ex
                <lb/>
              ſcriptis ad
                <lb/>
              pronuncia­
                <lb/>
              tionem fiat
                <lb/>
              tranſitus.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.010560">Quomodo autem ex ſcriptis, ad vocem
                <lb/>
              verba transferantur, rurſuſque ad intelle­
                <lb/>
              ctum, quanquam res leuis, ob frequen­
                <lb/>
              tem vſum videatur, & vnius modi, ardua
                <lb/>
              tamen eſt etiam modorum diuerſorum: igi­
                <lb/>
              tur vt antea de ſermone loquamur, ſuppo­
                <lb/>
              nenda ſunt ea, quæ vel in nobis, vel in ani­
                <lb/>
              malibus ipſis experimur. </s>
              <s id="s.010561">Sunt autem hæc
                <lb/>
              primùm, quòd cùm animalia ſenſu vocem
                <lb/>
              emittunt, velut equi viſa fœmina, dum
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              hinniunt, primùm ſenſu exteriore cognoſ­
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              cunt obiectum, deinde viſione, quæ eſt ip­
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              ſa cognitio interior ſola, vel principalis.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.010562">Inde delectantur, atque ex delectatione ap­
                <lb/>
              petunt, ac geſtiunt. </s>
              <s id="s.010563">Inde ex appetitu
                <expan abbr="motũ">motum</expan>
              ,
                <lb/>
              non ſolùm ad rem viſam, ſed etiam lætitiæ
                <lb/>
              indicem ciunt medio habitus, ex motu au­
                <lb/>
              tem vox ipſa conſequitur. </s>
              <s id="s.010564">Itaque ſeptem fa­
                <lb/>
              cultatibus, ſeu functionibus, hæc tranſmu­
                <lb/>
              tatio peragitur. </s>
              <s id="s.010565">Illud etiam conſideratione
                <lb/>
              dignum eſt, belluas ſine iunctione hanc
                <lb/>
              tranſmutationem efficere: nam hoc ſupe­
                <lb/>
              rius oſtenſum eſt, nulla tamen arte erudiri
                <lb/>
              poſſunt, vt ex viſis voces congruas emit­
                <lb/>
              tant, infantes verò antequam intelligant,
                <lb/>
                <expan abbr="erudiũtur">erudiuntur</expan>
              : naturalis igitur hæc tranſmutatio
                <lb/>
              animalibus conceſſa eſt, & rurſus exaudita
                <lb/>
              in vocem artificioſa, velut in pſittacis, in
                <lb/>
              infantibus etiam ex viſu: iam verò ſecluſa
                <lb/>
              mente animalia ab homine non differunt,
                <lb/>
              niſi iunctione: nam de voluntate, aut iudi­
                <lb/>
              cio, nunc ſermo eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.010566">Illud quærere dignum
                <lb/>
              eſt, cur iunctio neceſſaria ſit, inter ea quæ
                <lb/>
              videntur, atque habitum mouendi muſculos
                <lb/>
              vocales: nam in cæteris par ratio & infanti­
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              bus, & in animalibus eſſe videtur: quam­
                <lb/>
              vis enim animalia appetitu ducantur natu­
                <lb/>
              rali, pueri verò timore ex memoria acquiſi­
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              to, nullum tamen ob id inter hæc diſcrimen
                <lb/>
              intercedit, quoniam voluptatis atque dolo­
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              ris par ratio eſt in vtriſque, & nihil inte­
                <lb/>
              reſt, ſeu refugiant vnum, ſeu illi contra­
                <lb/>
              rium ſequantur: metus verò ille quamvis
                <lb/>
              aliquanto maiore cum cognitione fiat, quàm
                <lb/>
              naturalis: ob diuturnum tamen habitum,
                <lb/>
              fermè pro naturali habendus eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.010567">Er­
                <lb/>
              go ratio diſſimilitudinis tota, in iunctura
                <lb/>
              ea conſtat, quæ eſt inter viſionem dictio­
                <lb/>
              num, ac ſoni repræſentationem: animalia
                <lb/>
              enim quoniam iungere non didicerunt, ta­
                <lb/>
              metſi memoria verbum verbo, atque item
                <lb/>
              ſyllabas ſubdere poſſint, non tamen ex
                <lb/>
              phantaſia viſæ rei, in phantaſiam ſoni per­
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              uenire poſſunt. </s>
              <s id="s.010568">Illud enim ſatis nobis expe­
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              rimento compertum eſt, pueros cùm legere
                <lb/>
              diſcunt ex viſione ſoni proferre vocem: vn­
                <lb/>
              de qui ſurdi ſunt à natura, etiam neceſſa­
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              riò ſunt muti: quamvis enim pueri, verbo­
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              rum ſonum non percipiant, ſonum tamen
                <lb/>
              cognoſcunt. </s>
              <s id="s.010569">Verùm dices, latius hoc diſcri­
                <lb/>
              men latere videtur, quàm antea propoſue­
                <lb/>
              ris: illud enim aſſumptum eſt, diſcrimen eſſe
                <lb/>
              inter viſionem dictionis atque voluptatem,
                <lb/>
              quæ ſibi ſuccedunt, vt ſecundo ordini ter­
                <lb/>
              tius: at nunc videtur, conſilium inter viſio­
                <lb/>
              nem dictionis atque ſonum, ſcilicet inter
                <lb/>
              ſecundum atque vltimum ordinem, vt res de
                <lb/>
              quo ad primam redeat dubitationem, tota­
                <lb/>
              que rei difficultas adhuc ſuperſit: verum re­
                <lb/>
              ctè vtrunque: cùm enim verba non intelli­
                <lb/>
              gantur ab infantulo, non magis dolor, aut
                <lb/>
              voluptas ſequi poteſt, quam etiam in anima­
                <lb/>
              libus. </s>
              <s id="s.010570">Illud ergo diſcrimen primum homi­
                <lb/>
              num eſt, intelligentium & belluarum, at ſe­
                <lb/>
              cundum ſcilicet cognitionis, quæ eſt & vi­
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              ſu, & auditu infantium eſt, & belluarum. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.010571">Rurſus ergo ſupereſt difficultas, cur inter
                <lb/>
              ſenſilia diuerſorum ſenſuum iunctio necta
                <lb/>
              ſit, eiuſdem autem non ita, atque eo magis
                <lb/>
              quod etiam animalia videantur ex ſenſu in
                <lb/>
              ſenſum tranſitionem facere. </s>
              <s id="s.010572">Viſo enim lacte
                <lb/>
              procul, aut odore percepto, ad ipſum demi­
                <lb/>
              grant, dulcedinis, memores vt eo vtantur.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.010573">Atque hæc certè difficultas maxima eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.010574">Ve­
                <lb/>
              rùm non id agunt, quia hoc dulce eſſe no­
                <lb/>
              rint, ſed tanquam ad album, quo prius dele­
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              ctati ſunt recurrunt. </s>
              <s id="s.010575">Neque enim hoc cogi­
                <lb/>
              tant, neque in æternum formare poſſunt,
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              Hoc album, dulce eſt, dici, neque phantaſia
                <lb/>
              aſſequi, ſed
                <emph type="italics"/>
              (
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              quemadmodum diximus ſupe­
                <lb/>
              riùs ) omnem cognitionem etiam
                <expan abbr="animaliũ">animalium</expan>
              ,
                <lb/>
              ſeu
                <expan abbr="externã">externam</expan>
              , qualis eſt quæ per ſenſus
                <expan abbr="quinq;">quinque</expan>
                <lb/>
              habetur, ſeu internam, appetitus, vel fuga
                <lb/>
              comitatur, iuxta doloris, aut voluptatis
                <expan abbr="affe-ctũ">affe­
                  <lb/>
                ctum</expan>
              , ex quo ſequitur ſolutio primæ
                <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan>
              dif­
                <lb/>
              ficillimæ quæſtionis, cùm enim ſenſibilia
                <lb/>
                <expan abbr="eiuſdẽ">eiuſdem</expan>
              generis ſunt, velut ſi audita voce pſit­
                <lb/>
              tacus eam refert, nulla cognitio, aut repræ­
                <lb/>
              ſentatio neceſſaria eſt: habitus enim eſt prin­
                <lb/>
              cipium motus muſculorum. </s>
              <s id="s.010576">Habitum autem
                <lb/>
              diximus cognitionem non eſſe relinquitur
                <lb/>
              igitur, vt ſola memoria ad voces proferen­
                <lb/>
              das neceſſaria ſit. </s>
              <s id="s.010577">Exiſtimandum eſt igitur
                <lb/>
              duplicem hanc cognitionem, qua homini
                <lb/>
              ſimul vti fas eſt (poſtquam & omnibus ho­
                <lb/>
              minibus conceſſa eſt, & nulli animali,
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              omnibus verò hominibus mens eſt, nul­
                <lb/>
              lum animal mentem habet) ob duplicem
                <lb/>
              animam, quæ hominibus ineſt contingere,
                <lb/>
              ſiquidem mentem ac ſenſifera, ex quo </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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