Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.011191">
                <pb pagenum="604" xlink:href="016/01/251.jpg"/>
              debeat, atque ita ſyllabas ſub loci voce pro­
                <lb/>
              feras. </s>
              <s id="s.011192">Hæ modus melior eſt primo: ſed cùm
                <lb/>
              occurrerint dieſes, & ſemitonia toníve ficti,
                <lb/>
              non ſatis faciet, ægréque proferentur. </s>
              <s id="s.011193">Ter­
                <lb/>
              tius omnium optimus eſt, vt imaginatione,
                <lb/>
              & voce quidem notas, & vocum magnitu­
                <lb/>
              dinem retineas, lingua verò ſyllabam ſubie­
                <lb/>
              ctam proferas: atque hic vt eſt optimus, ita
                <lb/>
              difficillimus. </s>
              <s id="s.011194">Igitur tribus modis rurſus
                <lb/>
              hunc aſſequemur: vel longa conſuetudine,
                <lb/>
              vtſenſim dimiſſa nota, proferas ſyllabam in
                <lb/>
              notis, primò longioris moræ, & vniſonis:
                <lb/>
              deinde ſenſim aſcendentibus ac deſcenden­
                <lb/>
              tibus, mox in diapaſon, & diapente, &
                <lb/>
              diateſſaron. </s>
              <s id="s.011195">
                <expan abbr="Itẽ">Item</expan>
              in conſonantiis, quas vocant
                <lb/>
              cadentias, demùm in aliis vocibus, pòſt ad
                <lb/>
              notas breuis moræ te transferas. </s>
              <s id="s.011196">Alter mo­
                <lb/>
              dus eſt, vt linguam immobilem retinere
                <lb/>
              condiſcas, atque ita vocem ſine notis acſyl
                <lb/>
              labis proferas. </s>
              <s id="s.011197">Pòſt ſub vna tantùm ſyllaba
                <lb/>
              ſemper, vt ſub A, vel E. </s>
              <s id="s.011198">Vltimò ad ſyllabas
                <lb/>
              proferendas accedas. </s>
              <s id="s.011199">Hic modus varietatem
                <lb/>
              ex modo proferendi ſuſcipit, vt primus ex
                <lb/>
              re ipſa ſeu cantu. </s>
              <s id="s.011200">Tertius, qui meo iudi­
                <lb/>
              cio melior eſt, fit alterius auxilio, qui no­
                <lb/>
              tas proferat te ſyllabas canente: ſic enim
                <lb/>
              & temporis, & vocis magnitudo ſeruabitur,
                <lb/>
              & tu ſenſim te transferes conſuetudine ad
                <lb/>
              id, quod eſt difficillimum. </s>
              <s id="s.011201">Erat & aliud
                <lb/>
              in diſcendo compendium, vt ſine manu
                <lb/>
              optimè, quis diſcat. </s>
              <s id="s.011202">Hoc autem contin­
                <lb/>
              get, ſi diſcipulum docueris diapaſon vnius
                <lb/>
              omnes voces, nam reliquæ omnes eiſdem
                <lb/>
              ordinibus recurrunt, atque ita mutationes
                <lb/>
              pro vocatis clauibus, quæ ſemper tribus in
                <lb/>
              locis habentur ob ſemitonia. </s>
              <s id="s.011203">Nam claues
                <lb/>
              mutata fermè ratione ita ſibi comparantur,
                <lb/>
              vt in duas omnes ob ſimilitudinem redigan­
                <lb/>
              tur, cùm ſex videantur: tres quidem voca­
                <lb/>
              ti B, mollis, totidem ſine illo: has ſi ob­
                <lb/>
              ſeruaueris diligenter, in duas tantùm redu­
                <lb/>
              ces, non ſolùm mirabili, & compendioſa
                <lb/>
              ratione, ſed etiam admodum facili: verùm
                <lb/>
              de his diffusè in Muſicis ( vt dixi ) tracta­
                <lb/>
              tum eſt. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.011204">
                <margin.target id="marg1559"/>
              Canendi
                <lb/>
              præcepta.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.011205">Poſt has Optica eſt diſciplina, cuius
                <lb/>
              ſubtiliſſimum inuentum eſt horologiorum,
                <lb/>
              quæ vmbris horas edocent, eam traduxit, vt
                <lb/>
              multa alia Vitruuius in opus ſuum. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.011206">Verùm hæc ſcientia optica media vide­
                <lb/>
              tur inter Mathematicas, & pulcherrimam
                <lb/>
              naturalium rerum ſcientiam, quam voca­
                <lb/>
              mus Philoſophiam, cuius ambitus latiſſimè
                <lb/>
              patet. </s>
              <s id="s.011207">Scripſimus de dignioribus illius
                <lb/>
              partibus in libris de Æternitatis Arca­
                <lb/>
              nis, animi immortalitate, rerúmque va­
                <lb/>
              rietate. </s>
              <s id="s.011208">Verùm nobiliſſima pars eſt illius,
                <lb/>
              quæ temporum naturam præcognoſcere do­
                <lb/>
              cet, & aëris temperiem: vtilis nanque agri­
                <lb/>
              colis, nautis, mercatoribus, imperatori­
                <lb/>
              búſque, denique omni humano generi tum
                <lb/>
              iucunda, tum ſalutaris. </s>
              <s id="s.011209">Aëris igitur con­
                <lb/>
              ſtitutiones duabus conſtant differentiis,
                <lb/>
              quarum altera in frigido, & calido, reliqua
                <lb/>
              verò circa humidum, & ſiccum verſatur.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.011210">Hoc in genere quinque ſunt ſpecies: Sere­
                <lb/>
              num, quòd & tranquillum ſit: ventoſum,
                <lb/>
              nubes, imbres, grando, ſeu horrida tempe­
                <lb/>
              ſtas. </s>
              <s id="s.011211">Niues imbrium loco habentur, cùm
                <lb/>
              hyems fuerit. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.011212">Ventorum ſigna ex naturalibus decretis
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1560"/>
                <lb/>
              ita habentur: Tuber quidam Lunæ iunctus,
                <lb/>
              quem ego cùm vidiſſem, ſtatim ſubſecutus
                <lb/>
              eſt ventus validiſſimus. </s>
              <s id="s.011213">Nubecula circa
                <lb/>
              aſinorum alterum ex eadem parte futuros
                <lb/>
              prænuntiat ventos. </s>
              <s id="s.011214">Rubeæ nubes toto cœ­
                <lb/>
              lo ſparſæ, aut rubra Luna, item Solis oc­
                <lb/>
              caſus inter nubes rubeas, nubes volitantes:
                <lb/>
              nolarum ſonus, qui modò optimè auditur,
                <lb/>
              modò vix percipitur: vexilla in turrium
                <lb/>
              culminibus poſita cùm mouentur: areæ cir­
                <lb/>
              ca Lunam, quæ repentè diſſoluuntur, ventos
                <lb/>
              ex qua parte orientur oſtendunt. </s>
              <s id="s.011215">At verò
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1561"/>
                <lb/>
              Luna pura dum occidit, aut oritur, aſtráque
                <lb/>
              tum Sol candidus ac purus occidens, aut ſi
                <lb/>
              Sol paucis cum nubibus cadat, & corui ve­
                <lb/>
              lut lætitia gregatim crocitantes, aſſiduéque
                <lb/>
              obſtrepens noctua noctu, ſerenitatem nun­
                <lb/>
              tiant. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.011216">
                <margin.target id="marg1560"/>
              Ventorum
                <lb/>
              ſigna.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.011217">
                <margin.target id="marg1561"/>
              Serenitatis
                <lb/>
              iudicia.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.011218">Tempeſtatum ſigna melius, quàm
                <lb/>
              Poëta tuus explicare me poſſe non con­
                <lb/>
              fido, tametſi mihi libera ſit oratio, Vir­
                <lb/>
              gilij verò numeris veluti compedibus con­
                <lb/>
              tineatur. </s>
              <s id="s.011219">Primo igitur Georgicorum ſic in­
                <lb/>
              quit:
                <lb/>
                <emph type="quote"/>
                <emph type="italics"/>
              At Boreæ de parte trucis cùm fulminat, & cùm
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1562"/>
                <lb/>
              Eurique, Zephyrique tonat domus, omnia plenis
                <lb/>
              Rura natant foſſis,
                <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan>
              omnis nauitaponto
                <lb/>
              Humida vela legit. </s>
              <s id="s.011220">Nunquam imprudentibus imber
                <lb/>
              Obfuit, aut illum ſurgentem vallibus imis
                <lb/>
              Aëuiæ fugêre grues: aut bucula cœlum
                <lb/>
              Suſpiciens, patulis captauit naribus auras:
                <lb/>
              Autarguta lacus circumuolitauit hirundo:
                <lb/>
              Et veterem in limo ranæ cecinêre querelam:
                <lb/>
              Sæpiùs & tectis penetralibus extulit oua,
                <lb/>
              Anguſtum formica terens iter: & bibit ingens
                <lb/>
              Arcus: & è paſtu decedens agmine magno.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.011221">Coruorum increpuit denſis exercitus alis.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.011222">Iam varias pelagi volucres, & quæ Aſia circùm
                <lb/>
              Dulcibus in ſtagnis rimantur prata Cayſtri,
                <lb/>
              Certatim largos humeris infundere rores:
                <lb/>
              Nunc caput obiectare fretis, nunc currere in vno
                <lb/>
              Et ſtudio in caſum videas geſtire leuandi.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.011223">
                <expan abbr="Tũ">Tum</expan>
              cornix plena
                <expan abbr="pluuiã">pluuiam</expan>
              vocat improba voce,
                <lb/>
              Et ſola in ſicca ſecum ſpatiatur arena.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.011224">Ne nocturna quidem carpentes penſa puellæ
                <lb/>
              Neſciuêre hyemem, teſta cum ardente viderent.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.011225">Scintillare
                <expan abbr="oleũ">oleum</expan>
              , & putres
                <expan abbr="cõcreſcere">concreſcere</expan>
              fungos.
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
                <emph.end type="quote"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.011226">
                <margin.target id="marg1562"/>
                <expan abbr="Tempeſtatũ">Tempeſtatum</expan>
                <lb/>
              præſagium.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.011227">Illud etiam certo ſigno adiecit, quod ob­
                <lb/>
              ſeruatione dignum eſt?
                <lb/>
                <emph type="quote"/>
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Si nigrum obſcuro
                <expan abbr="cõprehenderit">comprehenderit</expan>
              aëra cornu.
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
                <emph.end type="quote"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.011228">
                <emph type="center"/>
              Tum illa à Sole:
                <emph.end type="center"/>
                <lb/>
                <emph type="quote"/>
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Ille vbi naſcentem maculis variauertit
                <expan abbr="ortũ">ortum</expan>
                <lb/>
              Conditus in nubem,
                <expan abbr="medióq;">medióque</expan>
              refugerit orbe,
                <lb/>
              Suſpecti tibi ſint imbres:
                <expan abbr="nãq;">nanque</expan>
              vrget ab alto,
                <lb/>
              Arboribúſque ſatiſque Notus, pecorique ſiniſter.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.011229">Aut vbi ſub lucem denſa inter nubila ſeſe
                <lb/>
              Diuerſi
                <expan abbr="erũpent">erumpent</expan>
              radij: aut vbi pallida ſurgit
                <lb/>
              Tithoni croceum linquens aurora cubile:
                <lb/>
              Heumalè
                <expan abbr="tũmites">tummites</expan>
                <expan abbr="defẽdet">defendet</expan>
              pampinus vuas: </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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