Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.011763">
                <pb pagenum="617" xlink:href="016/01/264.jpg"/>
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                <lb/>
              trahitur autem ab omni vino, ſed optima
                <lb/>
              ab optimo natura, miniméque vitiato. </s>
              <s id="s.011764">Di­
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              midium in prima diſtillatione detrahi ſo­
                <lb/>
              let, in ſecunda tantundem, in tertia pa­
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              rum perit: in quarta, & multò minus in
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              ſequentibus vix quicquam, ſi rectè peregi­
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              ſti. </s>
              <s id="s.011765">Non negligenda eſt hæc, cùm multas
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              habeat vtilitates. </s>
              <s id="s.011766">Quædam enim ſeruat, vt
                <lb/>
              vt quæ corrumpuntur, balſami vicem ge­
                <lb/>
              rens quædam in melius mutat, vt languen­
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              tia frigore humana corpora
                <emph type="italics"/>
              :
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              quædam exco­
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              quit, vt oua carnéſque impoſitas. </s>
              <s id="s.011767">Omnium
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              quoque medicamentorum in ea infuſorum
                <lb/>
              vires breui excipit, vtpote tenuiorem in 4.
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              horis, aliorum in 8. duriorum in 12. vt vix
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              vnquam diem attingat: inde iterum deſtil­
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              latur retentis viribus, amiſſa fece, ac ſorde
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              omni. </s>
              <s id="s.011768">Quamobrem alchymiſtæ ſolent hoc
                <lb/>
              genus infundendi appellare Stellarum in
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              cœlo fixionem. </s>
              <s id="s.011769">Et certè multi huius vſu
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              adiuti ſunt. </s>
              <s id="s.011770">Vſus autem ab vnciæ parte 8.
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              vſque ad integram. </s>
              <s id="s.011771">Quamobrem propriè
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              eius cauſa circulatio inuenta eſt: quo fomi­
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              te dictum fuit ſuperiùs. </s>
              <s id="s.011772">Obliqua verò va­
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              ſa ſitus commodi cauſa excogitata ſunt. </s>
              <s id="s.011773">Ma­
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              gna ad acres excipiendas aquas, in quibus
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              calchantum, halinitrum, alumen, taliáque
                <lb/>
              diſtillantur. </s>
              <s id="s.011774">Nam cum opus ſit magnis ig­
                <lb/>
              nibus, vt acres valde ſint fumi, & quæ ex
                <lb/>
              his fiunt aquæ, oportuit vas quod recipit
                <lb/>
              eſſe capaciſſimum, vt non frangatur atte­
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              nuato nimis ab ignibus contento aëre, & vt
                <lb/>
              in aquam fumi ſicciſſimi, atque calidiſſimi
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              verti poſſint. </s>
              <s id="s.011775">Recta verò vaſa oblonga &
                <lb/>
              quaſi æqualia fieri ſolens, cùm celeri tran­
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              ſitu opus eſt, grauiorque vapor, vt in me­
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              tallis: vel ſi leui igne acrem aquam in quam
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              argentum, aut aurum diſſolutum eſt relicto
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              colligere voluerimus. </s>
              <s id="s.011776">Pilei verò vſus eſt, vt
                <lb/>
              vaporis impetus diſſoluatur: ob id etiam
                <lb/>
              acria ſic diſtillantur. </s>
              <s id="s.011777">Oportet autem pileum
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              parte ſuperiore eſſe capacem. </s>
              <s id="s.011778">Fit & ad vi­
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              tandam expenſam: optimæ enim biſtortæ
                <lb/>
              carius venerunt, vixque tam benè aptantur,
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              vt vaſa pileis ſuis iuncta. </s>
              <s id="s.011779">Vaſis autem ænei
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              commodum iam explicauimus: & quòd in
                <lb/>
              clibanis foramina inferiora ſint, ad ignes
                <lb/>
              alacrius excitandos: ſuperiora autem dupli­
                <lb/>
              cem vſum habent, vt fumus prodeat, & vt
                <lb/>
              vis ignis mulceatur. </s>
              <s id="s.011780">Quòd ſi leue aliquid vt
                <lb/>
              maximè ardentem aquam in ſole velis de­
                <lb/>
              ſtillare, conceptaculi medium in paraboles è
                <lb/>
              chalybe centro collocabis: nam non ſolùm
                <lb/>
              centri locus, ſed totum vas, & quicquid
                <lb/>
              in parabolis ſpatio continetur, æſtuat &
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1626"/>
                <lb/>
              ardet. </s>
              <s id="s.011781">Non ignor ac chalybem expolitum
                <lb/>
              eſſe debere. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.011782">
                <margin.target id="marg1623"/>
              Artes omnes
                <lb/>
              quæ in hoc
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              lid. </s>
              <s id="s.011783">tradun­
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              tur, perfectè
                <lb/>
              traduntur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.011784">
                <margin.target id="marg1624"/>
              Vaſorum de
                <lb/>
              ſtillatorio­
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              rum genere.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.011785">
                <margin.target id="marg1625"/>
              Aqua
                <expan abbr="ardẽs">ardens</expan>
                <lb/>
              oleo ſuper­
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              ſtat.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.011786">
                <margin.target id="marg1626"/>
              Carbones è
                <lb/>
              lignis val­
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              lium præ­
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              ſtantiores.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.011787">Modus con­
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              ficiendi car­
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              bones opti­
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              mos.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.011788">Modi adhi­
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              bendi ignis
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              plures.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.011789">Tanta verò eſt artis ſolertia, vt etiam car­
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              bonibus, præter ea quæ ſuperiùs retulimus,
                <lb/>
              diſcrimina addat: nam è lignis vallium putat
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              præſtantiores quàm montium: rariora enim
                <lb/>
              ligna vallium, ideóque & carbones, at rara
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              omnia facilè ignis depopulatur. </s>
              <s id="s.011790">Sed & in
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              conficiendis egregiè laborat, vt non ſub
                <lb/>
              terra, velut eſt mos, ſed ſupra conficiantur,
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              quia melius ardent, & ſunt vtiliores. </s>
              <s id="s.011791">Mi­
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              rum enim quantum interſit quomodo ignis
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              adhibeatur in metallorum tractatione, tum
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              reliquorum quæ igne perficiuntur, præſer­
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              tim in purpurina varietas ignis perſpicua
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              eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.011792">Ergo multùm intereſt, an ignem per­
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              petuum, an interruptum adhibeas, acrem,
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              aut mollem, magnum aut paruum, ſenſim
                <lb/>
              vel repentè, circùm aut ab vno latere, agi­
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              tatum follibus, aut equieſcentem, diutur­
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              num aut breuem, tangentem aut extra vas
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              cum flamma, aut ſolas prunas, concluſum,
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              liberumve, ſimplicem, aut reflexum, è car­
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              bonibus, aut lignis, aut quod plus refert,
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              alia addita materia ardente, quæ propriam
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              vim etiam retineat in igne. </s>
              <s id="s.011793">Multum etiam
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              refert, cum quibus vnunquodque quod li­
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              quatur ſocietur. </s>
              <s id="s.011794">Nam marmor, galena, plum­
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              bum, ferri ſpuma, cum lapidibus in qui­
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              bus metalla
                <expan abbr="cõtinentur">continentur</expan>
              iuncta, mirum in mo­
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              dum liquefactionem illorum adiuuant, &
                <lb/>
              ſubſtantiam ſeruant: nam dum liquantur,
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              tenue humidum quod in lapidibus contine­
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              tur, conſumi prohibent, contraria ratione
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              ei quæ ſuperius de venenis dicta eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.011795">Igitur
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              excalefacto lapide, nec ſiccato, ob conti­
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              nentem humorem tandem ſuperaucto igne,
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              metallum ipſum quod lapidi inhæret, liqua­
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              ri neceſſe eſt. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.011796">Sed cur non addita aqua, aut alio quo­
                <lb/>
              piam humido, facilius metalla liquantur:
                <lb/>
              imò difficilius? </s>
              <s id="s.011797">an quia aqua frigida eſt, &
                <lb/>
              tenuis, nec poteſt ob
                <expan abbr="tenuitatẽ">tenuitatem</expan>
              liquare, nec ob
                <lb/>
              frigiditatem prius verè calefieri
                <expan abbr="antequã">antequam</expan>
                <expan abbr="cõ-ſumatur">con­
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                ſumatur</expan>
              ? </s>
              <s id="s.011798">Sic etiam cruſta quæ metallo ſuper­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1627"/>
                <lb/>
              natat, illud ne liquetur prohibet: nam adeò
                <lb/>
              coacta refrigerat partes omnes, & ſic ne ſi li­
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              quentur impedit, aut tenuiorem
                <expan abbr="totã">totam</expan>
              metalli
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              partem cruſta abſumit, qua ſublata, metal­
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              lum non diſſoluitur. </s>
              <s id="s.011799">Similiter cùm metalla
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              fundo hærent, non liquantur: nec vehe­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1628"/>
                <lb/>
              mentibus ignibus, quoniam calor ſuperio­
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              ra petit, paruus verò qui in fundo manet
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              breui pòſt tempore conſumit humidum,
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              prohibétque liquefactionem: his duabus
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              cauſis non poteſt metallum in vaſis fundo
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              liquari. </s>
              <s id="s.011800">Tertiam cauſam addidimus, aquam
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              ſcilicet iniectam: quæ non ſolùm liquefa­
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              ctionem impedit, ſed metalla iam liquefa­
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              cta magno plerumque aſtantium damno re­
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              ſilire cogit. </s>
              <s id="s.011801">Quidam dixerunt, humidum
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              aquæ tenue metallis immiſtum, liquidis ac
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              calore in ſpiritum conuerſum, dum maius
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              occupat ſpatium, cogere liquefacti me­
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              talli guttas reſilire. </s>
              <s id="s.011802">Sed non videtur aqua
                <lb/>
              leuior longè metallo, illius ſubſtantiam
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              poſſe ingredi. </s>
              <s id="s.011803">Melius igitur eſt, vt creda­
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              mus à frigore illo aquæ contrahi calidam
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              metalli ſuperficiem iam proprio ſpiritu
                <lb/>
              plenam, ac vt in pila alliſa ſolo reſilire con­
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              feſtim magno impetu. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.011804">
                <margin.target id="marg1627"/>
              Cur cruſta
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              impediat
                <lb/>
              metallorum
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              liqueſactio­
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              nem.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.011805">
                <margin.target id="marg1628"/>
              Aqua cur
                <lb/>
              metalla inie­
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              cta reſilire
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              cogat.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.011806">Sed inuenta huius artis minima pars ſunt
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1629"/>
                <lb/>
              eorum quæ inueniri poſſent: velut electri
                <lb/>
              compoſitio, vitri abſque igne mollities,
                <lb/>
              purpura vera: nam quæ nunc in vſu eſt,
                <lb/>
              talis eſt nomine ſolo, atque hæc olim in­
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              uenta iam periêre, deſueuerúntque ſciri:
                <lb/>
              lapidum pulcherrimorum, duriſſimorúm­
                <lb/>
              que, tenuiſſimarum item aquarum com­
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              poſitio, illis quidem vaſa conficere licet,
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              his aurum & argentum è fœcibus eruere.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.011807">Plura longè ſunt, quàm ſcribere liceat, ſed
                <lb/>
              hæc pro exemplis appoſui. </s>
              <s id="s.011808">Verùm ple-</s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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