Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.012097">
                <pb pagenum="625" xlink:href="016/01/272.jpg"/>
              pyramidis, aut latitudinis pro firma menſu­
                <lb/>
              ra quis ſtatuat, conſtare poterit apud omnes
                <lb/>
              gentes, & per multa ſecula, & cum menſura
                <lb/>
              certum pondus. </s>
              <s id="s.012098">Alia ratio à ſucceſſionibus
                <lb/>
              emendatorum codicum ſumitur. </s>
              <s id="s.012099">Velut in
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              lapide Romæ Serlius antiquam palmi men­
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              ſuram obſeruauit, quæ ad poſteros tranſiuit.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.012100">Inde ad codicem ſuum tranſlata ad amuſſim:
                <lb/>
              & ex illo, medietatem ipſam hîc ad noſtrum
                <lb/>
              appoſuimus: quemadmodum in margine
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              vides. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.012101">
                <margin.target id="marg1658"/>
              Motus celer­
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              rimus ac
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              violentiſſi­
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              mus quomo­
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              do fiat.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.012102">
                <margin.target id="marg1659"/>
                <expan abbr="Machinarũ">Machinarum</expan>
                <lb/>
              Romanarum
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              robur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.012103">
                <margin.target id="marg1660"/>
              Menſuram
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              perpetuam
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              aut pondus
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              nullum eſſe
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              poſſe.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.012104">Ita ex templi maioris Mediolanenſis,
                <lb/>
              quod auguſtiſſimum eſt apud Chriſtianos, à
                <lb/>
              columnarum altitudine menſura in multa ſe­
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              cula manſura ex centeſima parte, vel alia ſu­
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              mi poteſt. </s>
              <s id="s.012105">Ex longitudine nequaquam, cùm
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              multum adhuc ad perfectionem deſit. </s>
              <s id="s.012106">Sed
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              neque latitudo omninò tuta eſt, vel orna­
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              mentorum additione, vel aliquid adimente
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              caſu. </s>
              <s id="s.012107">Si tamen latitudinem quis maximam
                <lb/>
              ſumat, parum peccabit, cùm diuiſa in tot
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              partes errorem haud ſenſibilem admittere
                <lb/>
              non queat. </s>
              <s id="s.012108">Hac conſtituta menſura ratio
                <lb/>
              ponderis ad purum aurum eſt traducenda:
                <lb/>
              nam ipſum bullas non adeò admittit, & ob
                <lb/>
              maximam perfectionem minus variatur. </s>
              <s id="s.012109">Pro­
                <lb/>
              xima auro eſt argentum viuum, nam neque
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              ipſum bullas patitur, & ponderoſiſſimum eſt,
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              licet non perfectiſſimum. </s>
              <s id="s.012110">A maximis autem
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              in vnoquoque genere menſuram accipere
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              debemus, vt ad minima diſſecando perue­
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              nientibus minor error contingat. </s>
              <s id="s.012111">Quamo­
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              brem Ptolomæus motus aſtrorum ex anti­
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              quiſſimis quantum ei licuit obſeruationibus
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              ſumpſit: ſed (vt dixi) hæc diligentia ad diu­
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              turnitatem ſufficit, ad perpetuitatem mini­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1661"/>
                <lb/>
              mè. </s>
              <s id="s.012112">Sola enim videntur æterna eſſe poſſe
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              trium generum: aut ſubſtantia, velut cœ­
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              lum, ſi modò hoc ipſum eſt: aut ſucceſſione,
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              quoniam natura conſtant, vt ſpecies: aut
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              quoniam à materia intellectus operatione
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              ſeparantur, vt proportiones & numeri. </s>
              <s id="s.012113">Di­
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              ctum eſt autem de his ſeorſum, opere illi di­
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              cato. </s>
              <s id="s.012114">Nunc quod ad præſens argumentum
                <lb/>
              attinet, videndum an detur inter artificia
                <lb/>
              motus perpetuus. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.012115">
                <margin.target id="marg1661"/>
              Æterna
                <expan abbr="triũ">trium</expan>
                <lb/>
              generum.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.012116">Nam motum verè naturalem in cœlo &
                <lb/>
              perpetuum, haud dubium eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.012117">Similiter &
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              ſucceſſionis ratione, vt in fluminibus, quæ
                <lb/>
              perpetuò dum aqua generatur decliui ſitu
                <lb/>
              deſcendunt. </s>
              <s id="s.012118">Et quæ ab his ortum habent, vt
                <lb/>
              in molaribus lapidibus, qui aqua circuma­
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              guntur. </s>
              <s id="s.012119">Neque exiſtimandum eſt perpetuum
                <lb/>
              motum ab illis quæri, qui verè ſit perpetuus:
                <lb/>
              nam omnia naturalia corpora longo tempo­
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              ris ſpatio, tum magis ſi moueantur, atterun­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg1662"/>
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              tur, atque conſumuntur. </s>
              <s id="s.012120">Illud ergo propriè
                <lb/>
              quæritur, an motus aliquis inueniri queat,
                <lb/>
              qui citra nouam generationem cauſam in ſe
                <lb/>
              contineat ſuæ continuitatis? </s>
              <s id="s.012121">Veluti in horo­
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              logiis, ſi loco motus eius quo horæ ictibus
                <lb/>
              ſignificatur, pondera ſurſum rurſus traheren­
                <lb/>
              tur, peractum negotium eſſet. </s>
              <s id="s.012122">Itaque cùm
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              motuum naturalium, quibus grauia aguntur
                <lb/>
              tres tantùm poſſint eſſe ſpecies, aut ad cen­
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              trum per ſe, aut non ſimpliciter ad centrum,
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              vt aquæ, aut à natura quadam, vt ferri ad
                <lb/>
              magnetem, conſtat in duobus primis neceſ­
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              ſarium eſſe ſitum. </s>
              <s id="s.012123">Eſt & naturalis quidam
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              non abſque violentia tamen, cùm aliquid
                <lb/>
              vel nimium trahitur, vel nimium contrahi­
                <lb/>
              tur: quæ duæ ſpecies in horologiorum molis
                <lb/>
              inſpiciuntur. </s>
              <s id="s.012124">Eſt autem in omni ſitu cùm lo­
                <lb/>
              co conſtet principium, & finem inuenire. </s>
              <s id="s.012125">Et
                <lb/>
              quæ quaſi circa centrum mouentur poſt­
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              quam hoc niſi cœlo, & aëri: ſed huic incon­
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              ſtanter, conuenit, ab aliquo eodem quæ ſe­
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              cundum rectum ſitum mouentur principium
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              habent. </s>
              <s id="s.012126">Aqua enim (vt dixi) & ipſa ſecundum
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              rectum ſitum mouetur. </s>
              <s id="s.012127">Neceſſe eſt igitur
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              tandem, vt quod fertur, cùm in fine eſt, de­
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              nuò referatur, ſi motus debet eſſe perpetuus.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.012128">At referri non poteſt, niſi ab exceſſu. </s>
              <s id="s.012129">Aut
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              igitur ab eo quod ſecundum naturam eſt
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              continuitas motus fiet, aut non æqualis.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.012130">Quòd autem minuitur ſemper niſi fiat ac­
                <lb/>
              ceſſio, perpetuum eſſe non poteſt. </s>
              <s id="s.012131">Sed iam
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              ad alia tranſeamus. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.012132">
                <margin.target id="marg1662"/>
              Motum per­
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              petuum non
                <lb/>
              dari demon­
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              ſtratur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.012133">Dictum fuerat, ſubtilitatem eſſe in natu­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg1663"/>
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              ræ, & artis operibus: eſt etiam tertium quod­
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              dam genus, ſcilicet in ipſorum operum ma­
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              teria. </s>
              <s id="s.012134">Veluti ſubtilitas in contextis ſi fuerit
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              iuncta denſitati, rem meliorem, ac diuturnio­
                <lb/>
              rem pro ponderis ratione oſtendit. </s>
              <s id="s.012135">Sic in
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              ſarza duo millia fila ſunt in latitudine, lati­
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              tudo, ſeu magnitudo brachij: quæ quanta ſit,
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              ſuperiùs demonſtratum eſt: texitur obliquè,
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              non tranſuerſim. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.012136">
                <margin.target id="marg1663"/>
              Modus con­
                <lb/>
              texta digno­
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              ſcendi.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.012137">Vidi veſtis genus telæ tenuitate, quo non
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              melius ad arcendas aquas, adeò ſubtiliter
                <lb/>
              commiſſum: Bernucium vocatur.
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg1664"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.012138">
                <margin.target id="marg1664"/>
              Bernucium.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.012139">Huic ſimile Beni, ex camelorum villis, ſed
                <lb/>
              aliquanto craſſius, ſe aquam arcens, ita vt
                <lb/>
              etiam vaculi inſtar contineat: defertur
                <lb/>
              ex Aſia. </s>
              <s id="s.012140">Elegantius è fibrarum pilis (vt fe­
                <lb/>
              runt) colore cinereis leuiſſimum & craſſum.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.012141">Sunt mihi ex eo pilei, ſed teredinem facilè
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              ſentit, aquam
                <expan abbr="etã">etam</expan>
              combibit, ſola leuitate iu­
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              cundum. </s>
              <s id="s.012142">Penulæ meliores pileis, quòd aqua
                <lb/>
              celerius diffluat, ſed veſtes fœdant, nam pi­
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              lum facilè remittunt. </s>
              <s id="s.012143">Ex Polonia deferuntur,
                <lb/>
              carioréſque ſunt cæteris omnibus. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.012144">Ergo tenuitas in omnibus naturæ operi­
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              bus elegantiæ non ſolùm, ſed & roboris, ac
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              ſoliditatis parens eſt, quia partibus partes
                <lb/>
              non ſecus, quàm in tenui harena optimè hæ­
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              rent: tam paruo conſtat, tantum in emptio­
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              nibus lucri feciſſe. </s>
              <s id="s.012145">Verùm & horum modò
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              natura, modò ars, partem ſubminiſtrat. </s>
              <s id="s.012146">Na­
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              tura quidem, vt Biſſinum, quòd cùm lini ſpe­
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1665"/>
                <lb/>
              cies eſſet quæ in Elide naſcebatur, tantæ erat
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              tenuitatis, vt teſte Pauſania auri pondere
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg1666"/>
                <lb/>
              permutaretur. </s>
              <s id="s.012147">Siquidem hanc tenuitatem &
                <lb/>
              robur, & ſplendor quidam comitabantur:
                <lb/>
              quæ duo cùm adfuerint, omnia faciunt præ­
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              ciſiora. </s>
              <s id="s.012148">Atque eadem ars æmulari debet. </s>
              <s id="s.012149">Na­
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              turæ enim ars imitatrix. </s>
              <s id="s.012150">Verùm vt in natu­
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              ralibus, ita his quæ arte conſtant, quæ texun­
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              tur, & quæ in texturam admittuntur, tenui­
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              tatis metas proprias ſubeunt. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.012151">
                <margin.target id="marg1665"/>
              Biſſinum.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.012152">
                <margin.target id="marg1666"/>
              Miſta omnia
                <lb/>
              tum ſimpli­
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              cia certam
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              metam te­
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              nuitatis ſub­
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              eunt, vt con­
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              texta.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.012153">Maculæ quo­
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              modo deter­
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              gantur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.012154">Sic etiam in his quæ tenuiſſima per ſe
                <lb/>
              exiſtimantur, alia tenuitatis ratio inuenitur:
                <lb/>
              velut cùm veſtes, aut fila macula fœdata
                <lb/>
              ſunt: nam calcis, aut cineris quercini, vel
                <lb/>
              tartaro, vel limonis, aut ſaponariæ ſucco de­
                <lb/>
              terguntur: hæc enim iuncta, vel etiam ſingu­
                <lb/>
              la id poſſunt. </s>
              <s id="s.012155">Quid mirum? </s>
              <s id="s.012156">cùm acetum
                <expan abbr="albũ">album</expan>
                <lb/>
              acre id efficere poſſit. </s>
              <s id="s.012157">In eodem
                <expan abbr="quoq;">quoque</expan>
              gene­
                <lb/>
              re ſunt, & fel bouinum, & alumen vulgare, &
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              ſal chali vocatum, & quæ ſpontè ſplendent: </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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