Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.012421">
                <pb pagenum="632" xlink:href="016/01/279.jpg"/>
              Si octo damnaſſent, plecteretur: ſi ſex
                <lb/>
              abſoluiſſent, liberaretur: quinque abſol­
                <lb/>
              uentibus, ſeptem damnantibus. </s>
              <s id="s.012422">Geome­
                <lb/>
              trice damnatus, iuxta priuilegium, quod
                <lb/>
              fauet abſoluentibus, liberatus, arithmeticè
                <lb/>
              iniudicatus erit. </s>
              <s id="s.012423">Sunt in hoc genere multi
                <lb/>
              alij modi, quos breuitatis cauſa, cùm ex
                <lb/>
              præcedentibus dignoſcantur, pertranſire
                <lb/>
              conſilium eſt.
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1701"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.012424">
                <margin.target id="marg1699"/>
              Subtilitas in
                <lb/>
              oratione.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.012425">
                <margin.target id="marg1700"/>
              Septem mo­
                <lb/>
              di ſubtilita­
                <lb/>
              tis in ora­
                <lb/>
              tione.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.012426">
                <margin.target id="marg1701"/>
              Vrina cur
                <lb/>
              procul, quam
                <lb/>
              prope ſola
                <lb/>
              inter omnes
                <lb/>
              liquores ſit
                <lb/>
              ſplendidior.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.012427">Ad naturales quæſtiones reuertamur, quæ
                <lb/>
              ſcitu ſunt iucundiores cur vrina ſola inter
                <lb/>
              omnes liquores procul eſt ſplendidior, quam
                <lb/>
              propè? </s>
              <s id="s.012428">reliqua, contrario modo: ob idque
                <lb/>
              facilè dignoſcitur. </s>
              <s id="s.012429">Vrina continet pingue
                <lb/>
              humidum, quod propè illam adumbra,
                <lb/>
              procul autem illuſtratur, quia igneam ha­
                <lb/>
              bet lucem. </s>
              <s id="s.012430">Cæteri liquores vmbram non
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1702"/>
                <lb/>
              habent, quia puri: vel ſi ſint impuri, quod
                <lb/>
              impurum eſt, totum obumbrat, inde vt re­
                <lb/>
              motiores ſunt, velut aliàs dixi, eò obſcurio­
                <lb/>
              res. </s>
              <s id="s.012431">Eſt autem vrina tenuis valdè ſubſtan­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1703"/>
                <lb/>
              tiæ ob calorem, adeò vt quamuis ſalſa ſit,
                <lb/>
              attamen leuior exiſtat, quàm aqua, non
                <lb/>
              tamen omnis. </s>
              <s id="s.012432">Ob id vrina ventris inflationi
                <lb/>
              prodeſt, ac longè magis aqua ſalſa: tenui­
                <lb/>
              tate enim penetrat ad intima, ſecumque
                <lb/>
              ſalis vim defert, qua flatus diſcutitur, &
                <lb/>
              viſcera confirmantur. </s>
              <s id="s.012433">Attenuatio à calore
                <lb/>
              fit: ob hoc recens, & calida, & pueri im­
                <lb/>
              polluti ( calidiſſimus enim hic eſt ſexu, &
                <lb/>
              ætate ) eligitur. </s>
              <s id="s.012434">Proprium eſt non omni,
                <lb/>
              ſed ſoli penè inter liquores omnes vrinæ,
                <lb/>
              conturbari. </s>
              <s id="s.012435">Sed & vinum conturbatur: ad
                <lb/>
              vinum non redit, calore autem ignis vrina
                <lb/>
              fit clara. </s>
              <s id="s.012436">Nihil tam ſimile, meo iudicio,
                <lb/>
              quàm oleum: dum enim liquidum eſt, eſt
                <lb/>
              & perſpicuum, cùm concreſcit, minimè.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.012437">Pinguedo igitur turbulentiæ cauſa eſt, ob
                <lb/>
              id ſicciſſimæ vrinæ nunquam permutantur.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.012438">Cùm verò à caloribus immenſis humores in
                <lb/>
              febribus, & ſanguis, & pinguedo liqueſ­
                <lb/>
              cunt, fiunt vrinæ turbulentæ: quæ niſi ſub­
                <lb/>
              ſidant, non clareſcunt. </s>
              <s id="s.012439">Si igitur ſubſidant,
                <lb/>
              ſpes eſt quia quod conturbat, eſt terreum:
                <lb/>
              ſi non, non: pinguè eſt enim. </s>
              <s id="s.012440">Multa
                <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan>
                <lb/>
              tractu temporis à viribus robuſtis etiam vin­
                <lb/>
              cuntur. </s>
              <s id="s.012441">Quæ igitur non conturbatur, expers
                <lb/>
              eſt pinguis ſucci. </s>
              <s id="s.012442">Conturbatio ergo non eſt
                <lb/>
              ſubſtantiæ corruptio, ſed pinguedinis con­
                <lb/>
              gelatio. </s>
              <s id="s.012443">Ob id ſi dum conturbantur, mul­
                <lb/>
              tùm ſubſideat humoris, humidum id ter­
                <lb/>
              reum eſt, ſi non aqueum atque aëreum. </s>
              <s id="s.012444">Ve­
                <lb/>
              rùm dicet aliquis: Si quod concreſcit, iam
                <lb/>
              erat in vrina, cur non turbulentam ab initio
                <lb/>
              reddidit? </s>
              <s id="s.012445">nam palàm eſt totam vrinam con­
                <lb/>
              turbari. </s>
              <s id="s.012446">Quomodo igitur concreſcere potue­
                <lb/>
              runt partes, at non minui? </s>
              <s id="s.012447">quæ enim con­
                <lb/>
              creſcunt, contrahuntur: & dum aliis ad­
                <lb/>
              iunguntur, prima vt deſerant, neceſſe eſt.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.012448">Videtur autem oleum non minui non ſolùm
                <lb/>
              verùm dum congelatur, etiam augeri. </s>
              <s id="s.012449">Dum
                <lb/>
              igitur pars pinguis in humido aqueo con­
                <lb/>
              creſcit, tenuis admodum liquor in aërem
                <lb/>
              vertitur, & creſcit ob id reliquum conden­
                <lb/>
              ſatum fit turbulentum. </s>
              <s id="s.012450">Ergo in omni tur­
                <lb/>
              bulento oleo, tum vrina, ob frigus, par­
                <lb/>
              tes neceſſe eſt plurimas eſſe perſpicuas, &
                <lb/>
              magis quàm antè conturbarentur, ſed
                <lb/>
              frequentibus interpoſitis grumis totum vi­
                <lb/>
              deri turbulentum. </s>
              <s id="s.012451">Terreum verò quod
                <lb/>
              in vrinis eſt, tenue eſt caloris non ex­
                <lb/>
              pers. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.012452">
                <margin.target id="marg1702"/>
              Vrina aqua
                <lb/>
              leuior.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.012453">
                <margin.target id="marg1703"/>
              Vrina cur, &
                <lb/>
              quomodo
                <lb/>
              præſit
                <expan abbr="vẽtris">ventris</expan>
                <lb/>
                <expan abbr="inflãmatio-ni">inflammatio­
                  <lb/>
                ni</expan>
              . </s>
              <s id="s.012454">Vrina cur
                <lb/>
              conturbetur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.012455">Similiores vrinæ ſunt aquæ ſpontè cali­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1704"/>
                <lb/>
              dæ. </s>
              <s id="s.012456">Sunt in his, quæ ſulphur, & alumen
                <lb/>
              continent, aut ſalem, aut aſphaltum, tur­
                <lb/>
              bulentiores ſunt, quoniam miſcentur ab
                <lb/>
              externo calore: quæ verò ferrum aut ar­
                <lb/>
              gentum, vel æs, claræ: nam à natura
                <lb/>
              miſcente, metallorum excremento tales
                <lb/>
              fiunt: has igitur ars imitari nequit, priores
                <lb/>
              autem poteſt.
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg1705"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.012457">
                <margin.target id="marg1704"/>
              Thermæ an
                <lb/>
              arte poſſint
                <lb/>
              confici.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.012458">
                <margin.target id="marg1705"/>
              Cœleſtium,
                <lb/>
              &
                <expan abbr="terreſtriũ">terreſtrium</expan>
                <lb/>
              in producen­
                <lb/>
              do
                <expan abbr="diſcrimẽ">diſcrimen</expan>
              .</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.012459">Eſt enim cœleſtis ille calor, qui verè miſ­
                <lb/>
              cet, vt ſæpiùs dictum eſt atque hic tale
                <lb/>
              aliquid efficit, quale ipſum eſt, quod
                <lb/>
              habet potentia. </s>
              <s id="s.012460">Calor enim cœli eſt in
                <lb/>
              eo, quod potentia hominem continet, ſed
                <lb/>
              hominem actu procreat: ſed calor iſte no­
                <lb/>
              ſter naturalis potentia tale efficit, quale
                <lb/>
              eſt id, quo continetur, velut homo non
                <lb/>
              hominem generat ſubitò, & abſque me­
                <lb/>
              dio, imò ſemen, quod potentia eſt ho­
                <lb/>
              mo, cùm ab homine ipſo, tum viuente
                <lb/>
              decidatur. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.012461">Sed vt diſcrimen, ita ſimilitudo, in qua
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1706"/>
                <lb/>
              ſpeculanda non leui conſideratione opus eſt.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.012462">Sydera ibi, hîc gemmæ: intellectus ibi, &
                <lb/>
              mouentes ſubſtantiæ, hîc verò animalia ge­
                <lb/>
              nerum diuerſorum: varia ibi corporum ſub­
                <lb/>
              ſtantia, atque ſpiſſitudo, hic terræ, & aquæ &
                <lb/>
              aëris varietas maxima: ibi miracula, &
                <lb/>
              monſtra plura, vt acies, enſes, hîc partus
                <lb/>
              bicipites, piloſi, dentatique infantes: ibi
                <lb/>
              ſubſtantiæ quædam corporibus iunctæ, vt
                <lb/>
              hîc plantæ, & metallica: motus ibi peren­
                <lb/>
              nes, hîc aquæ circuitus: ibi lux, lumenque,
                <lb/>
              ſed & hîc. </s>
              <s id="s.012463">In vniuerſum, tot tantaque na­
                <lb/>
              tura hæc æmula ſuperiorum, quot ibi erant,
                <lb/>
              per genera ac ſpecies, & accidentia finxit.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.012464">Propria vis quædam in illis, manifeſtior
                <lb/>
              in mòrtalibus. </s>
              <s id="s.012465">Quædam tamen cùm occulta
                <lb/>
              videantur, ratione procedere manifeſtiſſi­
                <lb/>
              mam habent cauſam: vt propter quid eſt,
                <lb/>
              quòd caro vituli cùm humidior ſit, ſucco­
                <lb/>
              ſior ac pinguior bouina? </s>
              <s id="s.012466">vt etiam Galenus
                <lb/>
              teſtatur: attamen ius è carne bouis ſuccu­
                <lb/>
              lentum eſt ac pingue, è vitulina inane ac
                <lb/>
              inſipidum. </s>
              <s id="s.012467">Cauſa eſt, quoniam in bouina
                <lb/>
              carne pingue illud denſius eſt, quàm in
                <lb/>
              vitulina, ideoque minime exhalat ob
                <expan abbr="ignẽ">ignem</expan>
              ,
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1707"/>
                <lb/>
              aquamque pinguem reddit. </s>
              <s id="s.012468">Cur butyrum
                <lb/>
              prohibet quandoque ne aqua ebulliat? </s>
              <s id="s.012469">an
                <lb/>
              quia denſum cùm ſit, aëreum ac pingue,
                <lb/>
              trahit ad ſe vapores, qui feruere aquam fa­
                <lb/>
              ciant? </s>
              <s id="s.012470">Cur argilla trahit impura? </s>
              <s id="s.012471">quòd
                <lb/>
              tenax ſit, nec calore diſſoluitur, ſed denſa­
                <lb/>
              tur. </s>
              <s id="s.012472">Itaque cùm feruent, miſcentur, hæ­
                <lb/>
              rentque feſtucæ, ſcobs, terra, & quæcun­
                <lb/>
              que talia ſunt. </s>
              <s id="s.012473">Nux verò cur celeriùs
                <lb/>
              pullos eoqui facit? </s>
              <s id="s.012474">an quia virtutem ha­
                <lb/>
              bet aërem, & calorem penetrare cogit,
                <lb/>
              eo modo, quo ſuperiùs de ſinapi dictum
                <lb/>
              eſt?
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1708"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.012475">
                <margin.target id="marg1706"/>
              Cœleſtium,
                <lb/>
              & morta­
                <lb/>
              lium ſimili­
                <lb/>
              tudo.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.012476">
                <margin.target id="marg1707"/>
              Cur ius ex
                <lb/>
              bouina car­
                <lb/>
              ne ſuccoſius,
                <lb/>
              quam ex vi­
                <lb/>
              tulina.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.012477">Cur buty­
                <lb/>
              rum prohi­
                <lb/>
              bet aquam
                <lb/>
              ne ebulliat.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.012478">Argilla cur
                <lb/>
              impurum
                <lb/>
              trahat.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.012479">Nux cur ad
                <lb/>
              coctionem
                <lb/>
              iuuet.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.012480">
                <margin.target id="marg1708"/>
              Balſamum
                <lb/>
              cur ex vno
                <lb/>
              puteo
                <expan abbr="tãtum">tantum</expan>
                <lb/>
              irrigari poſ­
                <lb/>
              ſet.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.012481">Eadem ratione, cur balſamum non niſi
                <lb/>
              è quodam puteo irrigari poterat, qui pro­
                <lb/>
              pinquus Nilo erat? </s>
              <s id="s.012482">an quia omne quod nu­
                <lb/>
              tritur, tale eſt, quale nutrimentum? </s>
              <s id="s.012483">itaque
                <lb/>
              aqua. </s>
              <s id="s.012484">Nili tenuiſſima eſt, atque aëreæ ſub­
                <lb/>
              ſtantiæ. </s>
              <s id="s.012485">Eadem imbuta certo bituminis
                <lb/>
              genere alere poteſt Balſami arbuſta, non
                <lb/>
              autem alia, niſi ei conſimilis. </s>
              <s id="s.012486">Similiter </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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