Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.012679">
                <pb pagenum="638" xlink:href="016/01/285.jpg"/>
              qua in annuli motu ſuperius dicebamus.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.012680">Ergo quanquam hæc quæ dicta ſunt de
                <lb/>
              funambulis propiora ſint miraculo, mino­
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              ra tamen faciunt quæ olim legimus apud
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg1732"/>
                <lb/>
              Suetonium, ſcilicet Claudium Cæſarem in­
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              ter ludos elephantes funambulos exhibuiſſe,
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              id mirabilius illis quàm in puero, quòd ca­
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              reant ratione, quòd tanto eſſent ponderoſio­
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              res, quodque duobus non vni funibus inſi­
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              ſterent. </s>
              <s id="s.012681">Sed tantum poteſt conſuetudo, im­
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              probáque hominis cupiditas, & docilitas il­
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              lius belluæ egregia, quæ maximè hominum
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              ingenio proxima eſt.
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg1733"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.012682">
                <margin.target id="marg1730"/>
              Funambulo­
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              rum Turca­
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              rum mira.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.012683">
                <margin.target id="marg1731"/>
              Ferrandus
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              Turca.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.012684">
                <margin.target id="marg1732"/>
              Elephantes
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              funambuli.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.012685">
                <margin.target id="marg1733"/>
              Flumina
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              quomodo tu­
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              tò quis poſſit
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              tranare.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.012686">Modus de­
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              ambulandi
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              ſuper aquas.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.012687">Vtilius flumina tranantur, coriaceo in­
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              teſtino craſſiore: quod vbi opus fuerit infla­
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              tur vehementer, & concluſis capitibus ſub
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              alis circumligatur: ita tutò equites & pe­
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              dites in magnis neceſſitatibus fluminibus
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              ſe committunt, quandoque hoc ſolo tra­
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              nare auxilio etiam auſi. </s>
              <s id="s.012688">Securius id fiet
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              etiam tympanis coriaceis ſub pedibus po­
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              ſitis, baculóque cui tympanum ſit ſuppo­
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              ſitum. </s>
              <s id="s.012689">Nam enim ſolùm tranare, ſed deam­
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              bulare ſuper aquas, res propè oſtentum vi­
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              deri poterit. </s>
              <s id="s.012690">Manifeſtum autem quod etiam
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              in his, quemadmodum & funambulis,
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              opus eſt audacia, exercitatione, roboréque
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              corporis eximio: quibus ſi leuitas accedat,
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              ſpecioſius erit ſpectaculum: quòd edidiſſe
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              quoſdam accepi. </s>
              <s id="s.012691">Multa ſuperius in gene­
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              re magiæ retulimus, dum de ſpeculis lo­
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              queremur, de carneóque magnete, tum in
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              his præcedentibus libris, tum etiam medi­
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              cinæ, & non Arithmeticæ: ſed tamen nunc
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              per capita attingemus ſolùm quæ à no­
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              bis intacta fuêre, vt pauciſſimis exemplis
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              quantum humani ingenij ſubtilitas poſſit,
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              oſtendamus. </s>
              <s id="s.012692">Igitur vt ad rem reuertar,
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              ſimile eſt exemplum funambulorum his,
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              qui virgam digito erectam, aut haſtam de­
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              ferunt. </s>
              <s id="s.012693">Alij virgulam digiti ſuprema par­
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1734"/>
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              te, inclinatam ob gladios ex aduerſo in
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              imo ipſius infixos. </s>
              <s id="s.012694">Quid quòd cuilibet li­
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              cet experiri, lapidem frangimus palmi craſ­
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              ſitudine, quem malleo fruſtra quandoque
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              tentare licet, ſolo pugno. </s>
              <s id="s.012695">Ea res ſic ſe
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              habet: lapis extenditur ſuper planum li­
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              gneum, melius ſuper lapideum: eleuatur
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              ab altero capite ſic vt ſolum ſuſtineatur,
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              nulla vi adhibita, inde pugno eleuata pars
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              percutitur, quo ictu alliditur ſimul plano,
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              & in multa fruſta frangitur. </s>
              <s id="s.012696">Quòd ſi celerius
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              feriat pugnus, aut ſerius quàm extremam la­
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              pidis tabulam tetigerit, irrita euadit percuſ­
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              ſio, nec frangitur. </s>
              <s id="s.012697">Ita etiam leui ictu lateres
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              fregimus. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.012698">
                <margin.target id="marg1734"/>
              De virga
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              quæ inclina­
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              ta defertur
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              ſumma digiti
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              parte.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.012699">Lapis quo­
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              modo pugno
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              frangatur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.012700">Dùm enim extremum ſimul cum vi ictus
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              tabulæ illiſum fuerit, pondus iungitur cum
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              impetu, & fit non ſecus ac ſi malleo ictu
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              vehementi percuteretur. </s>
              <s id="s.012701">Sed iam placet hoc
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                <figure id="id.016.01.285.1.jpg" xlink:href="016/01/285/1.jpg" number="151"/>
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              demonſtrare. </s>
              <s id="s.012702">Sit planum AB, lapis in eo ere­
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              ctus CD, impellatúrque adeò violenter hic
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              ſupra AB, vt aër qui eſt in medio, è dire­
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              ctóque ſub E, dilabi nequeat. </s>
              <s id="s.012703">Omnis enim
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              motus tempore indiget. </s>
              <s id="s.012704">Cùm igitur non di­
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              labitur, neceſſariò lapidem franget: quia
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              duo corpora penetrare ſe non poſſunt, niſi
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              quòd ſolidum eſt ſcindatur. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.012705">Manifeſtum igitur ex hoc, quòd quantò
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              lapis latior fuerit, & planum vtriuſque
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              æquale, & quantò magis lapidem eleuabi­
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              mus, & celerior erit ictus, eò facilius fran­
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              getur. </s>
              <s id="s.012706">Vidimus autem qui ſuper fune poſi­
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              tum frangerent. </s>
              <s id="s.012707">Tantum poteſt exercitatio,
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              quæ ad amuſſim deducta ſit.
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg1735"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.012708">
                <margin.target id="marg1735"/>
              Funis quo­
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              modo ſolis
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              manibus
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              frangatur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.012709">Funis quoque nouus & craſſus arte rum­
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              pitur: eius extremum clauo infixo, vel vn­
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              cino nectitur, inde ter, quatérve aut etiam
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              ſæpius manui circumuoluitur, demum funis
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              reliquum extremum obequitat iuxta ſupre­
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              mum palmæ, inter indicem, & pollicem
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              funis partem, quæ ad clauum tendit, & ca­
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              put ad imum palmæ, vnde venerat rurſus
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              reflectitur, denuóque ſemel, aut bis cir­
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              cumducitur: ita vibrato impetu ſcindatur,
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              ea in parte, qua à fune obequitatur: nam
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              funus ipſe qui ſubeſt, prohibet ne manus
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              patiatur, & vltima circumductione labatur:
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              funis verò funem diſſecare ob impetum, tum
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              maximè cùm mollis fuerit pars quæ manum,
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              & clauum interiacet, & manus robuſta, &
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              impetus rectus ac velox. </s>
              <s id="s.012710">Ita hæc ſæpe vidi­
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              mus ab omni miraculo aliena, quæ tamen
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              mira videntur. </s>
              <s id="s.012711">Sunt qui vtriſque manibus
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              eandem vinculi ſeruant rationem, ſoliſque
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              manibus funes frangant, taléſque qui boues
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              facilè ſuſtineant. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.012712">Iam verò & illud ſum expertus homine
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              altero in humeros aſſumpto, duos alios ob­
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              nitentes eiuſdem fermè roboris inuitos
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              trahi, cùm ſine pondere vix vnum ſufficiat.
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1736"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.012713">
                <margin.target id="marg1736"/>
              Quomodo
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              homine in
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              humeros aſ­
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              ſumpto faci­
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              lius trahi­
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              mus.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.012714">Sympathia
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              & antipathia
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              quid ſint.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.012715">Sic quædam ex ſympathia contingunt.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.012716">Sympathiam voco conſenſum rerum abſque
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              manifeſta ratione: velut antipathiam diſſi­
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              dium. </s>
              <s id="s.012717">Vtranque eſſe in rebus, infinita do­
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              cent exempla: vt quòd lacerta homine
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              gaudeat, quanquam non ſine periculo illius
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              præſentia ſit: & humanam ob id ſaliuam
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              auidè fugit. </s>
              <s id="s.012718">Exiſtimant equos gaudere ſo­
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              cietate arietum, oculiſque & ſanitati illo­
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              rum conferre, & ob id ſtabulis nutrire arie­
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              tes ſolent: certè mirum in modum mutuò ſe
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              diligunt. </s>
              <s id="s.012719">Teſtudinem odit mirum in mo­
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              dum ſimia, & horret. </s>
              <s id="s.012720">Vagantur hæ per
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              animalia, plantas, lapides: nec harum ex­
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              pers homo eſt: obmuteſcit enim, vt creditur,
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              ſi eum prior lupus viderit: vnde Virgilianum
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              illud:
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                <emph type="quote"/>
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Lupi Mœrim vidêre priores.
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
                <emph.end type="quote"/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1737"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.012721">
                <margin.target id="marg1737"/>
              Homo lupo
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              viſo obmute­
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              ſcit & cur?</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.012722">Neque hoc ob terrorem, nam nec leone,
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              aut vrſo viſis hoc contingit: nec par erat vt
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              lupo hominem vidente prius, ſed homine
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              lupum, hoc contingere. </s>
              <s id="s.012723">Cæterùm hoc quan­
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              doque verum fuiſſe experti ſumus: non om­
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              ninò obmuteſcunt, ſed rauci euadunt.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.012724">Cùm verò non ſemper contingeret, dixêre
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              hoc in cauſa eſſe cùm non contingit, quòd
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              homo lupum prius viderit. </s>
              <s id="s.012725">Cauſa igitur eſt
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1738"/>
                <lb/>
              in oculis lupi. </s>
              <s id="s.012726">Habet enim quid homini ad­
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              uerſum, quo ſpiritus cohibetur: nec poteſt
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              fieri violenta illa ſpiritus exufflatio, quæ ad
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              vocem neceſſaria eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.012727">Simili ratione dicunt
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              equi pedes ſi diu veſtigia lupi ſequan­
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              tur, obſtupeſcere: nam ſi recentia ſint ve­
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              ſtigia, odore vexatur. </s>
              <s id="s.012728">Ob id quandoque nec </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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