Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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              <s id="s.013950">
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              magis arbores, & excæcat quàm nix,
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              tum etiam quia pruina ſerius aduenit. </s>
              <s id="s.013951">Nam
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              nix non niſi hyeme fit, quia tenuis illa
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg1869"/>
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              ſubſtantia non facilè congelatur. </s>
              <s id="s.013952">At ros
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              facilè congelatur, quia terreus eſt, ideò ſe­
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              rius aduenit pruina quàm nix. </s>
              <s id="s.013953">Quid dico
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              ſerius? </s>
              <s id="s.013954">celerius inchoat tempus pruinæ, &
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              tardius finitur quàm niuis. </s>
              <s id="s.013955">Indicium eſt
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              pruinam circa terram fieri, quòd in domi­
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              bus iuxta vdos parietes fiat: loco enim ro­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg1870"/>
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              ris in hyeme fit pruina. </s>
              <s id="s.013956">Quare neque nix,
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              neque pruina gelaſcit, neque in grandi­
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              nem vertitur. </s>
              <s id="s.013957">Oportet enim ad grandinem,
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              & glaciem faciendam cogi vaporem: at in
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              niue & pruina aër eſt, igitur neque nix,
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              neque pruina, dum conſiſtunt, in glaciem,
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              aut grandinem tranſire poſſunt. </s>
              <s id="s.013958">Grando
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg1871"/>
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              autem altiore loco fit, quàm nix: tum quia
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              neceſſe eſt æſtate altiorem locum eſſe vbi
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              frigeat, quàm hyeme: hoc enim ab ini­
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              tio demonſtratum eſt: tum quia vapores
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              æſtate, ob aëris tenuitatem, & illorum ca­
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              lorem, ac ſubtilitatem, & Solis vim al­
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              tius attolluntur. </s>
              <s id="s.013959">In grandine autem com­
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              preſſionem fieri neceſſe eſt, vt cogatur in
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              glaciem. </s>
              <s id="s.013960">Fit autem quandoque tantæ ma­
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              gnitudinis, vt ingentibus lapidibus æque­
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              tur, & iumenta occidat, & domos diruat.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.013961">Commune eſt autem arborum fructus, ac
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              ſegetes confringere, excutere, atque pro­
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              ſtrare. </s>
              <s id="s.013962">Sed grandinem abſque ventis gene­
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              rari eſt impoſſibile: nam ſi aër tenuis eſt,
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              non eſt frigidus, quare gelaſcere non po­
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              teſt vapor, ſi craſſus abſque ventis cogi
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              non poteſt. </s>
              <s id="s.013963">Ad grandinem autem & co­
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              gi vaporem ne nix fiat, aut pruina, &
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              gelaſcere, ne aqua ac pluuia, neceſſe eſt.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.013964">Quamobrem nix & grando ſimul vix fieri
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              queunt. </s>
              <s id="s.013965">Vtraque autem pluuiæ copulari
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              poteſt, quoniam quod non congelatur, &
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              cogitur, pluuia fit, non grando: quod co­
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              gitur dum aër tenuior eſt, quàm vt om­
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              nem prohibeat contractionem, niui vt
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              pluuia ſociatur. </s>
              <s id="s.013966">Manifeſtum eſt igitur, &
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              cum niue, & cum grandine frigora maxi­
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              ma fieri: ſicut hyeme cùm pluit, teporem:
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              aliter enim nix fieret. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.013967">
                <margin.target id="marg1867"/>
              Pluuia quo­
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              modo.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.013968">
                <margin.target id="marg1868"/>
              Nix quo­
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              modo.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.013969">
                <margin.target id="marg1869"/>
              Pruina fri­
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              gidior niue.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.013970">Pruina cur
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              magis occi­
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              dat arbores
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              quàm nix.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.013971">
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              Pruina quo­
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              modo fiat.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.013972">
                <margin.target id="marg1871"/>
              Grando quo­
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              modo gene­
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              retur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.013973">At dices quónam pacto in montium ca­
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              cuminibus nix fiet, & quomodo ea erunt
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              frigidiſſima, cùm ibi à monte reflexio fiat?
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              </s>
              <s id="s.013974">Sed nil mirum eſt in ipſo cacumine montis
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              frigus maximum eſſe, quia cùm aër natura
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              ſit frigidiſſimus, etiam locus ex quo radij,
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              reflectuntur inæqualis eſt, vt non ad eun­
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              dem locum reflectantur. </s>
              <s id="s.013975">Eſt etiam anguſtus,
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              & ideò parua fit reflexio: tùm verò per ſe
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              natura frigidus, quoniam lapideus, pars etiam
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              montis in vmbra poſita: & quod maximum
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              eſt, partes cacumini vicinæ, quoniam ab
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              imo vallium, & à plano terræ plurimum
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              diſtant, ideò ſunt frigidiſſimæ. </s>
              <s id="s.013976">Flantibus
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              igitur ventis cùm aër per æquiſtantia fe­
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              ratur, montium cacumina mirum in modum
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              refrigerari neceſſe eſt: hoc autem in Pro­
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              blematibus a nobis oſtenſum eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.013977">At cùm
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              nebulæ altiùs à iugo montis attollantur, li­
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              cet à terra non plus 2000. paſſuum eleuen­
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              tur, quia tamen à iugo montis, hinc fit vt
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              à plano terræ longè plus diſtent nebulæ: vt
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              ſi mons quinque millia paſſuum aſcendat,
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              nebulæ ad 7000. paſſuum quandoque à pla­
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              no terræ fermè diſtent. </s>
              <s id="s.013978">Tum verò fiunt ni­
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              ues ob nimiam altitudinem nebularum, in
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              hyeme etiam tepida, aut grando in æſtate.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.013979">Commune enim eſt niuibus, grandini, nim­
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              bis, duobus modis fieri: aut ibidem eleua­
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              to vapore, aut alibi, atque eo per ventos
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              tranſlato. </s>
              <s id="s.013980">Verùm grando vbicunque fiat non
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              abſque vento fit: plerunque autem pluribus
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              inuicem pugnantibus ventis. </s>
              <s id="s.013981">Aqua autem
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              difficillimè altius aſcendit, tum quia coge­
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              retur, tum quia grauis ſpontè deſcendit, ſi
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              non impetu ventorum contineatur. </s>
              <s id="s.013982">Sed
                <expan abbr="grã-dini">gran­
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                dini</expan>
              contingit, quia non fit niſi cogatur, vt
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              ſono nolarum perſæpè diſſipetur. </s>
              <s id="s.013983">Aër enim
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              altius cum impetu exiguo delatus, prohibet
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              cogi vaporem. </s>
              <s id="s.013984">Cùm autem coguntur, deſ­
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              cendunt impetu grauitatis, & ventorum:
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              parte autem qua aërem ſcindunt, fiunt pla­
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              niores, atque candidiores, vnde tonſuram
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              habere videntur, vulguſque ignauum ob
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              id putat cecidiſſe ſacerdotum præcantatio­
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              nibus. </s>
              <s id="s.013985">Cùm verò vapor accenſus magna vi
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              lacerat nubes denſatas, fiunt fulgura, & ex
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              illorum caſu tonitrua. </s>
              <s id="s.013986">At cùm nebulæ qui­
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              bus niues continentur denſæ non ſint, lace­
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              rari cum impetu nequeunt: quare neque
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              fulgur, neque tonitru auditur, dum nix deſ­
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              cendit, vt nec hyeme. </s>
              <s id="s.013987">Si verò hyeme co­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg1872"/>
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              ruſcet, & tonitru exaudiatur, pluuia non nix
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              deſcendit, & perſæpe grando, vt annis pro­
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              ximè præteritis contigit menſe Decembri
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              bis, & iuxta brumam. </s>
              <s id="s.013988">Hoc autem quia vapor
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              calidus aſcendens eam regionem tepefece­
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              rat. </s>
              <s id="s.013989">Ergo pluuiæ hyeme minimè fiunt, raræ
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              & breues æſtate. </s>
              <s id="s.013990">Vere autem cùm plus ſe­
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              quens dies abſumat, quàm prior traxerit
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              ( nam dies poſterior calidior eſt in vere, &
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              breuiorem habeat noctem ) ob id minus
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              pluit, quàm autumno: diutius autem quàm
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg1873"/>
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              æſtate, ac ſæpius, quàm hyeme. </s>
              <s id="s.013991">Ex hoc li­
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              quet, cùm plurimum pluerit hyeme, tepi­
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              dam futuram hyemem, ac minus ſalubrem:
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              ſi æſtate, humidum eſſe aërem, atque ob
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              id morboſum: ſi vere, frigidum Ver. </s>
              <s id="s.013992">Au­
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              tumno verò pluuias maximas, ac diutur­
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              nas fieri contingit: vnde creditum eſt hoc
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              fieri exortu Arcturi, ſed hoc perperàm.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.013993">Nam autumno cùm adhuc Sol validus ſit,
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              multi vapores ſurſum attrahuntur: ſed
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              cùm ſuccedens dies longiorem præceden­
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              te habeat noctem, & ipſa dies etiam te­
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              pidior, neceſſe eſt cogi vaporem, inde­
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              que deſcendere. </s>
              <s id="s.013994">Terra autem madefacta
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              rurſus trahitur quod deſcenderat, vtpote
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              in terræ ſuperficie hærens, atque etiam
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              aliquid profundius quod additur, atque
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              ita fiunt non ſolùm pluuiæ, atque imbres,
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              ſed etiam nimbi. </s>
              <s id="s.013995">Hoc autem maximè con­
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              tingit, cùm ex humidiore loco ventis de­
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              latæ nubes initium pluuiæ dederint: aliter
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              autem ſenſim coguntur, ac ſenſim augen­
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              tur. </s>
              <s id="s.013996">Si ex alio loco deferantur, repentè ma­
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              gni eſſe incipiunt. </s>
              <s id="s.013997">Si autem non decidant,
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              hoc eſt ob vnam trium cauſarum: vel quia
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              non incipiunt, & tunc ſicciſſimus ille pror­
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              ſus eſt autumnus: vel quia poſtquàm pri­
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              mò deciderint, argue rurſus coactæ nubes </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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