Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.001307">
                <pb pagenum="386" xlink:href="016/01/035.jpg"/>
              exuperet, terræ parùm ſit, calor autem ma­
                <lb/>
              gnus, fit aëreum, quod pingue omne eſt, ac
                <lb/>
              facilè flagrat: cuiuſmodi ſunt omnia olea,
                <lb/>
              pinguedines. </s>
              <s id="s.001308">ſulphur, bitumen: ſi paruus ca­
                <lb/>
              lor, aquea, vt olera pleraque. </s>
              <s id="s.001309">Cur igitur piper
                <lb/>
              non accenditur facilè? </s>
              <s id="s.001310">quia cum attenuata
                <lb/>
              parte multum eſt terrei. </s>
              <s id="s.001311">Docuimus autem
                <lb/>
              quòd terreum, quod multum contineat ma­
                <lb/>
              teriæ, & motum prohibeat, ignis generationi
                <lb/>
              repugnet. </s>
              <s id="s.001312">At dices, leue piper eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.001313">Reſpon­
                <lb/>
              deo, hoc eſt quia inane, ſubſtantia verò ipſa
                <lb/>
              grauis: & ſi contundantur optimè, haud leue
                <lb/>
              eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.001314">Sulphur verò cùm humidum ſit, linguam
                <lb/>
              non exurit: ardet tamen, quia calidum eſt
                <lb/>
              vehementer. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001315">
                <margin.target id="marg129"/>
              Quomodo
                <lb/>
              ignis affectus
                <lb/>
              abſque igne
                <lb/>
              appareant.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001316">
                <margin.target id="marg130"/>
              Tria tantum
                <lb/>
              verè in mi­
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              ſtis, terra &
                <lb/>
              aqua pro ma­
                <lb/>
              teria, & ca­
                <lb/>
              lor cœleſtis
                <lb/>
              agens.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001317">
                <margin.target id="marg131"/>
              2. de Part.
                <lb/>
              animal. </s>
              <s id="s.001318">Ca.
                <lb/>
              1. in initio.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.001319">His igitur vt in principiis acceptis, ad quæ­
                <lb/>
              ſtionis diſſolutionem accedamus. </s>
              <s id="s.001320">In miſtis
                <lb/>
              ipſis tria tantùm apparent, terra, & aqua, &
                <lb/>
              calor, qui ea miſcet. </s>
              <s id="s.001321">Nam terram, & aquam
                <lb/>
              ſpontè miſceri palàm eſt: aër miſtionem refu­
                <lb/>
              git, nec miſcere vnquam poteris illum his,
                <lb/>
              nec ſi quid aliud eo tenuius eſſet. </s>
              <s id="s.001322">De igne ve­
                <lb/>
              rò non eſt dubitandum, cùm neque ſit
                <expan abbr="elemẽ-tum">elemen­
                  <lb/>
                tum</expan>
              , nec quicquam generet. </s>
              <s id="s.001323">Ergo ſi miſta
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg132"/>
                <lb/>
              his conſtarent, violenter miſcerentur. </s>
              <s id="s.001324">Ignem
                <lb/>
              autem non generare palàm eſt, quia exteriùs
                <lb/>
              euocat: at quod generat, intùs reuocat omnia.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.001325">Siccat etiam ignis, & quæ generantur, hu­
                <lb/>
              mido indigent, quod quaſi glutinum partes
                <lb/>
              vnum cohærere faciat. </s>
              <s id="s.001326">Rurſus ignis ſeparat
                <lb/>
              ac diuidit: generatio autem craſi non ſolùm
                <lb/>
              miſtione indiget. </s>
              <s id="s.001327">Qualitates etiam ad ſum­
                <lb/>
              mum ignis deducit: at quæ ad generationem
                <lb/>
              conueniunt, quæque miſcentur, qualitates
                <lb/>
              mutuò frangunt. </s>
              <s id="s.001328">Denique proprium munus
                <lb/>
              eſt cœleſtis caloris, generare, non autem ig­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg133"/>
                <lb/>
              nei: neque enim ignis vita potentia eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.001329">Miſ­
                <lb/>
              cet autem ignis corpora, ſed tamen
                <expan abbr="ſubſtãtias">ſubſtantias</expan>
                <lb/>
              ipſas diuidit, ac ſeparat. </s>
              <s id="s.001330">Propterea panis igne
                <lb/>
              conficitur, caro verò corrumpitur: verùm
                <lb/>
              quia vſus non admittit, vt carnes crudas
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg134"/>
                <lb/>
              edamus, igne eas coquimus. </s>
              <s id="s.001331">Quòd ſi car­
                <lb/>
              nes, & oua cruda comedere conſuetum
                <lb/>
              eſſet, ad vitæ diuturnitatem non parùm con­
                <lb/>
              duceret. </s>
              <s id="s.001332">Verùm quia hæc edere haud licet,
                <lb/>
              quæ cruda poſſunt, lac, mel, oleum, bu­
                <lb/>
              tyrum, ſuccarum, olera plæraque tenuioris
                <lb/>
              ſubſtantiæ, ſi edantur, vtiliora erunt tàm
                <lb/>
              vitæ, quàm valetudini. </s>
              <s id="s.001333">Nam etſi (vt dixi)
                <lb/>
              ignis corpora miſceat, & ex ſulphure, ar­
                <lb/>
              gentóque viuo conficiat cinnabarim, ſub­
                <lb/>
              ſtantias tamen alimentorum ſeparat, & tenue
                <lb/>
              à craſſo ſeiungendo deterius reddit. </s>
              <s id="s.001334">Itaque ni
                <lb/>
              faſtidium obſtaret, oua, oſtrea, oblongáque
                <lb/>
              conchylia cruda edere melius eſſet, quàm
                <lb/>
              cocta. </s>
              <s id="s.001335">Atque in vniuerſum ſi vires validæ
                <lb/>
              fuerint, & faſtidium homines non vexet, ig­
                <lb/>
              nis propè pro cibis nulla eſſet neceſſitas aut
                <lb/>
              vtilitas. </s>
              <s id="s.001336">Sed maluerunt hoc modo lautè, pa­
                <lb/>
              rúmque viuere, quàm diu ferarum, aut ru­
                <lb/>
              ſticorum ritu. </s>
              <s id="s.001337">Ob id tamen non parùm his,
                <lb/>
              qui in
                <foreign lang="grc">ἐρέμῳ</foreign>
              habitarunt, ad vitæ longitudi­
                <lb/>
              nem conduxiſſe arbitror crudorum cibo­
                <lb/>
              rum eſum. </s>
              <s id="s.001338">Nam cruda quum coquun­
                <lb/>
              tur, meliora ſunt coctis, quæ non ignis
                <lb/>
              vitio carent. </s>
              <s id="s.001339">Sed à pueritia aſſueſcere
                <lb/>
              oportet.
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg135"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001340">
                <margin.target id="marg132"/>
              Ignem non
                <lb/>
              generare de­
                <lb/>
              monſtratio.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001341">
                <margin.target id="marg133"/>
              Ignis vires
                <lb/>
              in miſcendo.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001342">
                <margin.target id="marg134"/>
              Cruda ad
                <lb/>
              vitam, & ſa­
                <lb/>
              lubritatem
                <lb/>
              corporis vti­
                <lb/>
              liora.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001343">
                <margin.target id="marg135"/>
              Calor qua­
                <lb/>
              druplex, quæ­
                <lb/>
              ſtioniſque
                <lb/>
              diſſolutio.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.001344">Calor igitur quadruplex: alius vt in prin­
                <lb/>
              cipali agente, id eſt, radiis ſiderum: alius
                <lb/>
              & ipſe in actu, ſed ſicco iunctus: tertius,
                <lb/>
              humido: quartus autem veſtigium eſt calo­
                <lb/>
              ris, non calor. </s>
              <s id="s.001345">Primùm igitur cœleſtem vo­
                <lb/>
              care ſolemus, eſtque aliorum origo & fons:
                <lb/>
              hic vt talis eſt, caleſacit, nondum tamen
                <lb/>
              generat, quia materiæ coniunctus non eſt.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.001346">Hunc Ariſtotelici, qui audacter in his, in
                <lb/>
              quibus coargui non poſſunt, litigant, non
                <lb/>
              eſſe calorem dicerent. </s>
              <s id="s.001347">Nullum enim eſſe
                <lb/>
              calidum ſitus, quòd cœlum omnis ſit ex­
                <lb/>
              pers qualitatis. </s>
              <s id="s.001348">Secundus igneus eſt, & vo­
                <lb/>
              catur, qui nihil generat, qui iunctus ſic­
                <lb/>
              citati inſtrumentum eſt potiùs corruptio­
                <lb/>
              nis, & ſeparationis, quàm miſtionis, aut
                <lb/>
              craſis, ſine quibus non fit generatio. </s>
              <s id="s.001349">Nec
                <lb/>
              ſolùm ignis, ſed omnis calor ex illius gene­
                <lb/>
              re corrumpit, & generationi repugnat. </s>
              <s id="s.001350">Ob
                <lb/>
              id nec cineribus oua excepta pullos edunt.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.001351">Tertiò nomen eſt naturalis calor, qui &
                <lb/>
              ipſe motu indiget: nam omnis calor dum
                <lb/>
              viget, motu indiget, & depaſcitur ſubie­
                <lb/>
              ctam materiam. </s>
              <s id="s.001352">Hic verò duplex, alius qui­
                <lb/>
              dem manifeſtum habens motum, reſolu­
                <lb/>
              tionémque, qualis in animalibus perfe­
                <lb/>
              ctis maximè, atque magis in ſanguineis:
                <lb/>
              aut obſcurum motum, qualis in plantis,
                <lb/>
              multóque magis in ſeminibus earum, atque
                <lb/>
              metallicis: in his enim motum calor habet
                <lb/>
              obſcurum, & tamen humidum diſſoluit.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.001353">Indicio eſt, quòd ſeruata ſemina areſcunt,
                <lb/>
              etiamſi inungantur, anni ſpatio vel bien­
                <lb/>
              nij, ſeneſcúntque non ſecùs ac homines ru­
                <lb/>
              gis contractis, leuioráque infœcunda etiam
                <lb/>
              facta. </s>
              <s id="s.001354">Calor is autem facultas dicitur, velut
                <lb/>
              in pipere, cùm à tota planta deriuatur in ſe­
                <lb/>
              men, & à toto monte in metallum, vel à ma­
                <lb/>
              gna parte, nimis concoquens, quòd conco­
                <lb/>
              qui debet, terream maximè partem: túncque
                <lb/>
              igneum redditur, ſi multus calor extiterit:
                <lb/>
              ſi paucus, lapis: ſi in aqueam ſubſtantiam
                <lb/>
              multus agat, fit pingue: ſin paucus,
                <lb/>
              aqueum. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.001355">Quæres forſitan, an calor actu maneat?
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.001356">Manet quidem, ſed ille quum ſit naturalis
                <lb/>
              in humida ſubſtantia, vtpote piperis, funda­
                <lb/>
              tus eſt, quamobrem exurere non poteſt, eó­
                <lb/>
              que magis quòd auulſo ſemine ab arbore
                <lb/>
              perexiguus relinquitur. </s>
              <s id="s.001357">Neque igitur ob
                <lb/>
              naturalem calorem piper calidum eſſe po­
                <lb/>
              teſt, cùm ille ſit valdè tenuis: nec propter
                <lb/>
              ſubſtantiam exuſtam, quum illa caloris ve­
                <lb/>
              ſtigium, non calorem retineat. </s>
              <s id="s.001358">Sic & ar­
                <lb/>
              dens aqua veſtigium caloris retinet, non ca­
                <lb/>
              lorem, & cinis refrigeratus. </s>
              <s id="s.001359">Calx verò ali­
                <lb/>
              quandiu calorem retinet, illúmque in ſic­
                <lb/>
              co: ideo tangenti calida, & maximè intùs:
                <lb/>
              exteriùs enim ab aëre perfrigeratur. </s>
              <s id="s.001360">Ita­
                <lb/>
              que pauca aqua ſi conſpergatur, accendi ſo­
                <lb/>
              let. </s>
              <s id="s.001361">Sed dices, calor igneus in humido eſſe
                <lb/>
              videtur, vt cum ardet candela. </s>
              <s id="s.001362">Sed non eſt,
                <lb/>
              alitur enim ex humido, ſed in humido
                <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan>
              eſt.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.001363">Vt neque homo licet pomis veſcatur, pomea
                <lb/>
              non eſt ſubſtantia, ſed carnea: ita ignis te­
                <lb/>
              nuibus tàm humidis, quàm ſiccis alitur,
                <lb/>
              ſed in ſolo ſicco, eóque tenuiſſimo funda­
                <lb/>
              tur. </s>
              <s id="s.001364">Atque ea de cauſa inuentum eſt, quónam
                <lb/>
              pacto non ſecùs quàm in ſartagine piſces co­
                <arrow.to.target n="marg136"/>
                <lb/>
              quantur in charta: Chartam ſeligito,
                <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan>
              vo­
                <lb/>
              camus papyrum, ſimplicem, erectiſque ſpon­
                <lb/>
              dis in modum lucernæ ex omni latere oleum
                <lb/>
              infunde, & antequam exudet ſuper puras </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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