Newton, Isaac, Philosophia naturalis principia mathematica, 1713

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                  DE MUNDI
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                  SYSTEMATE</s>
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                <p type="main">
                  <s>Hæc ita ſe habent ex hypotheſi quod Terra ex uniformi ma­
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                  teria conſtat. </s>
                  <s>Nam ſi materia ad centrum paulo denſior ſit quam
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                  ad ſuperficiem, differentiæ pendulorum & graduum Meridiani
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                  paulo majores erunt quam pro Tabula præcedente, propterea
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                  quod ſi materia ad centrum redundans qua denſitas ibi major
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                  redditur, ſubducatur & ſeorſim ſpectetur, gravitas in Terram re­
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                  liquam uniformiter denſam, erit reciproce ut diſtantia ponderis
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                  a centro; in materiam vero redundantem reciproce ut quadratum
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                  diſtantiæ a materia illa quamproxime. </s>
                  <s>Gravitas igitur ſub æqua­
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                  tore minor eſt in materiam illam redundantem quam pro com­
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                  puto ſuperiore: & propterea Terra ibi, propter defectum gravita­
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                  tis, paulo altius aſcendet, & exceſſus longitudinum Pendulorum &
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                  graduum ad polos paulo majores erunt quam in præcedentibus
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                  definitum eſt. </s>
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                  <s>Jam vero Aſtronomi aliqui in longinquas regiones ad obſerva­
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                  tiones Aſtronomicas faciendas miſſi, invenerunt quod horologia
                    <lb/>
                  oſcillatoria tardius moverentur prope Æquatorem quam in regi­
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                  onibus noſtris. </s>
                  <s>Et primo quidem
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                  D. Richer
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                  hoc obſervavit anno
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                  1672 in inſula
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                  Cayennæ.
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                  Nam dum obſervaret tranſitum Fixarum
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                  per meridianum menſe
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                  Auguſto,
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                  reperit horologium ſuum tardius
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                  moveri quam pro medio motu Solis, exiſtente differentia 2′. </s>
                  <s>28″
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                  ſingulis diebus. </s>
                  <s>Deinde faciendo ut Pendulum ſimplex ad minuta
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                  ſingula ſecunda per horologium optimum menſurata oſcillaret,
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                  notavit longitudinem Penduli ſimplicis, & hoc fecit ſæpius ſingu­
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                  lis ſeptimanis per menſes decem. </s>
                  <s>Tum in
                    <emph type="italics"/>
                  Galliam
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                  redux contulit
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                  longitudinem hujus Penduli cum longitudine Penduli
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                  Pariſienſis
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                  (quæ erat trium pedum Pariſienſium, & octo linearum cum tribus
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                  quintis partibus lineæ) & reperit breviorem eſſe, exiſtente diffe­
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                  rentia lineæ unius cum quadrante. </s>
                  <s>At ex tarditate horologii
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                  oſcillatorii in
                    <emph type="italics"/>
                  Cayenna,
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                  differentia Pendulorum colligitur eſſe lineæ
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                  unius cum ſemiſſe. </s>
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                <p type="main">
                  <s>Poſtea
                    <emph type="italics"/>
                  Halleius
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                  noſter circa annum 1677 ad inſulam
                    <emph type="italics"/>
                  S
                    <emph type="sup"/>
                  sa
                    <emph.end type="sup"/>
                  Hel­
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                  lenæ
                    <emph.end type="italics"/>
                  navigans, reperit horologium ſuum oſcillatorium ibi tardius
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                  moveri quam
                    <emph type="italics"/>
                  Londini,
                    <emph.end type="italics"/>
                  ſed differentiam non notavit. </s>
                  <s>Pendulum
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                  vero brevius reddidit pluſquam octava parte digiti, ſeu linea una
                    <lb/>
                  cum ſemiſſe. </s>
                  <s>Et ad hoc efficiendum, cum longitudo cochleæ in
                    <lb/>
                  ima parte penduli non ſufficeret, annulum ligneum thecæ cochleæ
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                  & ponderi pendulo interpoſuit. </s>
                </p>
                <p type="main">
                  <s>Deinde anno 1682
                    <emph type="italics"/>
                  D. Varin
                    <emph.end type="italics"/>
                  &
                    <emph type="italics"/>
                  D. </s>
                  <s>Des Hayes
                    <emph.end type="italics"/>
                  invenerunt lon­
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                  gitudinem Penduli ſingulis minutis ſecundis oſcillantis in Obſer-</s>
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