Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.001797">
                <pb pagenum="397" xlink:href="016/01/046.jpg"/>
              quòd vix fieri poteſt, ne in tanto tempore
                <lb/>
              aër moueatur, & in ventos transferat quod
                <lb/>
              corrumpitur. </s>
              <s id="s.001798">Videtur etiam omnibus peſſi­
                <lb/>
              mis rebus Dei beneficio modus quidam im­
                <lb/>
              poſitus. </s>
              <s id="s.001799">Nam nec ſerpentes multiplicari vi­
                <lb/>
              dentur vltra metam quandam, nec acuti
                <lb/>
              morbi vltra quartum decimum diem perſe­
                <lb/>
              uerant, nec vllum vehemens malum eſſe po­
                <lb/>
              teſt diuturnum. </s>
              <s id="s.001800">In peſtis autem genere diu­
                <lb/>
              turno ac lento, nullum eſt inuenire termi­
                <lb/>
              num præfixum: vt in Gallica lue, quam con­
                <lb/>
              ſtantiam quinquageſimum ab ortu ſuo an­
                <lb/>
              num exceſſiſſe. </s>
              <s id="s.001801">Et quanquam ſit hic mor­
                <lb/>
              bus Indis Endemius, nobis tamen contagio
                <lb/>
              peſtifer eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.001802">Scripſimus autem de hoc multos
                <lb/>
              libros.
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg188"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001803">
                <margin.target id="marg185"/>
              Cauſæ pu­
                <lb/>
              tredinis aë­
                <lb/>
              ris & peſtis.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001804">
                <margin.target id="marg186"/>
              Peſtis mira.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001805">
                <margin.target id="marg187"/>
              Cur peſtis
                <lb/>
              triennium
                <lb/>
              non excedat.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001806">
                <margin.target id="marg188"/>
              Venenorum
                <lb/>
              ratio triplex.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.001807">Genera peſtis ex aëre, veneni habent ra­
                <lb/>
              tionem. </s>
              <s id="s.001808">Venena etenim quædam natura, vt
                <lb/>
              quæ naſcuntur, & anguium peſſimi: quædam
                <lb/>
              putredine, è quorum numero peſtis ipſa eſt,
                <lb/>
              & quæ arte conficiuntur, cocta olim, nunc
                <lb/>
              ſublimata vocantur. </s>
              <s id="s.001809">Acerrima & maximè
                <lb/>
              præſentanea à natura fiunt, illa artem vnde­
                <lb/>
              qua que ſuperante: ſed tamen rara, frequen­
                <lb/>
              tiſſima ab arte, quum in malis excogitandis
                <lb/>
              longè deterius humanum genus ſit
                <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan>
              na­
                <lb/>
              tura. </s>
              <s id="s.001810">Ergo rarò exemplo, non turpe illa duxit
                <lb/>
              ſibi in his ab hominibus ſuperari, modò ta­
                <lb/>
              men magnitudinis rei palma apud illam ma­
                <arrow.to.target n="marg189"/>
                <lb/>
              neat. </s>
              <s id="s.001811">In Nubia tamen referunt (hæc Marma­
                <lb/>
              rica à Ptolemæo appellatur) eſſe venenum,
                <lb/>
              cuius pondus triticei grani vnius, illicò ho­
                <lb/>
              minem occidit:
                <expan abbr="decẽ">decem</expan>
              autem homines in quar­
                <lb/>
              ta horæ parte. </s>
              <s id="s.001812">Tanta vis lethalis, venditur in
                <lb/>
              ſingulas vncias centenis aureis. </s>
              <s id="s.001813">Tantundem
                <lb/>
              impenditur pro vectigalibus quanti emitur.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.001814">Iurat emptor non vſurum eo in prouincia,
                <lb/>
              quaſi homines aliarum regionum ſi quis oc­
                <lb/>
              cidat,
                <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan>
              ſit veneficus, vel minus ſit homines
                <lb/>
              occidere,
                <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan>
              peiorare. </s>
              <s id="s.001815">
                <expan abbr="Periuriũ">Periurium</expan>
              timebit, qui
                <lb/>
              veneficio vſurus eſt? </s>
              <s id="s.001816">Hæc calamitaſne maior,
                <lb/>
              an ſtultitia mortalium? </s>
              <s id="s.001817">Deterior in mora
                <expan abbr="cõ-ditio">con­
                  <lb/>
                ditio</expan>
              quam in celeritate: hæc enim vitam
                <lb/>
              aufert, illa ſpem & fructum omnem vitæ.
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg190"/>
                <lb/>
              Theophraſtus refert,
                <expan abbr="aconitũ">aconitum</expan>
              præparari ſoli­
                <lb/>
              tum quod bimeſtri, trimeſtri, ſemeſtri, anno­
                <lb/>
              ve vel etiam biennio occidat,
                <expan abbr="eſſéq;">eſſéque</expan>
              mortes
                <lb/>
              collectionis medicamenti temporibus com­
                <lb/>
              pares. </s>
              <s id="s.001818">Nam à ſeniore
                <expan abbr="plãta">planta</expan>
              protrahitur mors
                <lb/>
              diutiùs: ſerebant enim herbam,
                <expan abbr="colligebántq;">colligebántque</expan>
                <lb/>
              Vel quia collecta verno
                <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan>
              , celeriùs oc­
                <lb/>
              cidat
                <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan>
              hyeme, vt etiam de herbarum vi­
                <lb/>
              ribus tum
                <expan abbr="radicũ">radicum</expan>
              conſtat. </s>
              <s id="s.001819">Et quantumuis me­
                <lb/>
              dicamenti tempus protraheretur, mors
                <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan>
                <lb/>
              certa
                <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan>
              irreparabilis,
                <expan abbr="cuiq;">cuique</expan>
              ſuo
                <expan abbr="tẽpore">tempore</expan>
              , quod
                <lb/>
              mirum eſt, imminebat. </s>
              <s id="s.001820">Simili ratione
                <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan>
                <lb/>
              licet non vitam tollant, membrorum tamen
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg191"/>
                <lb/>
              quorundam vitium afferunt. </s>
              <s id="s.001821">Fons fuit vltra
                <lb/>
              Rhenum iuxta littus maris, cuius aqua ex­
                <lb/>
              cuſſit dentes omnibus, quotquot è Germani­
                <lb/>
              ci exercitu ex eo biberant. </s>
              <s id="s.001822">Nec
                <expan abbr="inuentũ">inuentum</expan>
              au­
                <lb/>
              xilium, niſi herbæ Britannicæ. </s>
              <s id="s.001823">Et Cæſari Ta­
                <lb/>
              bernæ patritio noſtro, quum diu cruciatus
                <lb/>
                <expan abbr="vẽtriculi">ventriculi</expan>
              doloribus diſſectus fuiſſet poſt mor­
                <lb/>
              tem, inuentus lapis in ventriculo oui magni­
                <lb/>
              tudine. </s>
              <s id="s.001824">Venena enim quæ ad
                <expan abbr="tẽpus">tempus</expan>
              occidunt,
                <lb/>
                <expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan>
              cor,
                <expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan>
                <expan abbr="cerebrũ">cerebrum</expan>
              ,
                <expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan>
                <expan abbr="veſicã">veſicam</expan>
              petere poſ­
                <lb/>
              ſunt. </s>
              <s id="s.001825">Nam ſi cor
                <expan abbr="petãt">petant</expan>
              ,
                <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan>
              tandiu differre poſ­
                <lb/>
              ſunt
                <expan abbr="mortẽ">mortem</expan>
              : ſi
                <expan abbr="cerebrũ">cerebrum</expan>
              , cùm longè abſint, non
                <lb/>
              occident, imò vix attingere poſſunt. </s>
              <s id="s.001826">Veſicam
                <lb/>
              non niſi acuta medicamenta lædunt: ea au­
                <lb/>
              tem celeriter occidunt. </s>
              <s id="s.001827">Poſſunt tamen cele­
                <lb/>
              riter nocere, & tandem interficere. </s>
              <s id="s.001828">Sed quæ
                <lb/>
              venena clam occidunt & ſerò, vt fraus la­
                <lb/>
              teat, pulmones aut iecur, aut ventriculum
                <lb/>
              vexant. </s>
              <s id="s.001829">Ventriculum quæ vexant, dolore iu­
                <lb/>
              gi & pleraque vomitu: quæ pulmones pe­
                <lb/>
              tierunt tabe ac iuſſi: quæ iecur, ſanguinem
                <lb/>
              corrumpendo alia regium morbum, non­
                <lb/>
              nulla hydropem, pleraque febres virulentas
                <lb/>
              generando occidunt. </s>
              <s id="s.001830">Aliàs ſcripſi vno pran­
                <lb/>
              dio exceptos è tredecim viris in oppido
                <lb/>
              Gallarate vndecim, qui venenum biberint
                <lb/>
              omnes interiiſſe diuerſis temporibus, cum
                <lb/>
              quidam etiam Romam interim iuiſſent ac
                <lb/>
              rediiſſent. </s>
              <s id="s.001831">Delatum ex ea vrbe tam pul­
                <lb/>
              chrum inuentum fuerat. </s>
              <s id="s.001832">Aliàs dicam ſigna
                <lb/>
              quædam, quibus hominem venenum, licet
                <lb/>
              non ſentiat, hauſiſſe deprehendemus: nunc
                <lb/>
              tamen potiora ſubiiciam. </s>
              <s id="s.001833">Ea ſunt quinque.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.001834">Primum, cùm odor fœdus in cibo ſentitur:
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg192"/>
                <lb/>
              vel ſi non præſente re fœtida, odor quaſi
                <lb/>
              ſecum rem deferat fœtidam, fœdus ſentia­
                <lb/>
              tur. </s>
              <s id="s.001835">Eadem ratio in horribilibus ſaporibus.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.001836">Dolores quoque abſque manifeſta cauſa vel
                <lb/>
              in ventriculo, vel iecore, vel veſicæ eroſiores
                <lb/>
              vel ſanguinis ſputa repentina, atque ſpon­
                <lb/>
              tanea. </s>
              <s id="s.001837">Eſt etiam tabes quædam lenta ac exi­
                <lb/>
              tialis ſignum hauſti veneni: & coloris totius
                <lb/>
              corporis magna mutatio, & immedicabilis.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.001838">Cæterùm non eſt hîc locus de morbis tra­
                <lb/>
              ctandi, ſed ſolùm illud quòd ſubtilius eſt hac
                <lb/>
              in diſputatione docendum, quomodo ſcili­
                <lb/>
              cet odore non præſente, aut ſapore,
                <expan abbr="vtrunq;">vtrunque</expan>
                <lb/>
              ſentire contingat,
                <expan abbr="hócq;">hócque</expan>
              veneni ſit indicium.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.001839">Cauſa eſt, quòd humor melancholicus tales
                <lb/>
              ſpecies loco obiecti refert: vt etiam in his,
                <lb/>
              qui à cane rabido morſi ſunt, circa viſum er­
                <lb/>
              rare contingit. </s>
              <s id="s.001840">At venena præſertim tempo­
                <lb/>
              ranea humorem hunc atrum generare ſo­
                <lb/>
              lent. </s>
              <s id="s.001841">Subit autem dum hæc conſidero dubi­
                <lb/>
              tatio
                <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan>
              leuis, quòd cùm multa ſint
                <emph type="italics"/>
              (
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              vt dixi)
                <lb/>
              quæ mortem differre poſſunt in annos, & ta­
                <lb/>
              men ſint venena, ne non aliqua ſint, quibus
                <lb/>
              vtamur pro cibis, & tamen mortem
                <expan abbr="afferãt">afferant</expan>
              ,
                <lb/>
              licet adeò ſerò vt
                <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan>
              pro venenis
                <expan abbr="habeãtur">habeantur</expan>
              .
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.001842">Quòd ſi talia ſint, erunt velut è
                <expan abbr="fungorũ">fungorum</expan>
              ge­
                <lb/>
              nerib. </s>
              <s id="s.001843">Quòd cùm tot ſint
                <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan>
              diuerſis modis
                <lb/>
              affecti, in tam diuerſis ætatibus,
                <expan abbr="tẽperaturis">temperaturis</expan>
                <lb/>
              viuendi inſtitutis, artibus, virium robore, oc­
                <lb/>
              caſionibus,
                <expan abbr="varióq;">varióque</expan>
              adeò exitu
                <expan abbr="pereuntiũ">pereuntium</expan>
              , quis
                <lb/>
              poſſit animaduertere hanc noxam? </s>
              <s id="s.001844">Simili ra­
                <lb/>
              tione olera
                <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan>
              agreſtia, quæ fortuitò edi­
                <lb/>
              mus:
                <expan abbr="latẽt">latent</expan>
              enim quàm multa: & quæ
                <expan abbr="inficiũ-tur">inficiun­
                  <lb/>
                tur</expan>
              ſalamandra ac rubetis, ac ſerpentib. </s>
              <s id="s.001845">Cha­
                <lb/>
              mæleon herba ſuibus, lupis & murib
                <expan abbr="præsẽs">præsens</expan>
                <lb/>
              venenum, quis nouit an hominibus ſit tem­
                <lb/>
              poraneum? </s>
              <s id="s.001846">Nam quæ
                <expan abbr="nocẽt">nocent</expan>
              , temporis ſpatio
                <lb/>
              interficere ſolent. </s>
              <s id="s.001847">Viſcus certè qui in illius
                <lb/>
              radice oritur,
                <expan abbr="mortẽ">mortem</expan>
              hominibus affert. </s>
              <s id="s.001848">
                <expan abbr="Quæ-cunq;">Quæ­
                  <lb/>
                cunque</expan>
              autem mortem
                <expan abbr="præſentẽ">præſentem</expan>
              afferunt, ea ſi
                <lb/>
              temperata fuerint, veneni temporanei loco
                <lb/>
              habenda ſunt. </s>
              <s id="s.001849">Sunt verò ex his quæ ſolo ta­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg193"/>
                <lb/>
              ctu etiam occidant: nam canis rabidi ſpuma
                <lb/>
              ſi in locum aliquo modo vulneratum inci­
                <lb/>
              dat, vel à quo ſola detracta ſit cuticula, occi­
                <lb/>
              dere ſolet: & ſcilla cuti illita vexat carnes: &
                <lb/>
              cantharides manu retentæ, ſanguinis mi­
                <lb/>
              ctum prouocant: quidquid mirum eſt igitur
                <lb/>
              venenum eſſe quod ſolo contactu occidat,
                <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan>
              </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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