Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.002533">
                <pb pagenum="411" xlink:href="016/01/060.jpg"/>
              aqua in vrceos transfuſa lapideſcit. </s>
              <s id="s.002534">Non
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg281"/>
                <lb/>
              tamen horum omnium eadem ratio: nam
                <lb/>
              quæ calore mutant alia in lapides, tutò bi­
                <lb/>
              bi poſſunt, quoniam circa omnes calidas
                <lb/>
              aquas fungoſi lapides generantur: at
                <lb/>
              qui fontes concreſcunt, frigore gypſei
                <lb/>
              ſunt, ac non veneni expertes: nam fri­
                <lb/>
              gus omnia durat, & cogit in lapides. </s>
              <s id="s.002535">Ob
                <lb/>
              id in fluminum alueis, & ob perennem
                <lb/>
              motum, qui terram aufert, lapidum copia
                <lb/>
              ſemper fermè adeſt, ni lento motu fluant.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.002536">In mari tamen lapides ( Ariſtotele teſte) ſic
                <lb/>
              generantur. </s>
              <s id="s.002537">Ex colluſione enim fluctuum
                <lb/>
              ſpuma gignitur, quæ ab aliis rurſus flucti­
                <lb/>
              bus cogitur, demum à ſalſugine ſiccata, addi­
                <lb/>
              taque arena tenuiore, concreſcit in lapidem.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.002538">Et quamvis hęc de lapidibus tantum dicta
                <lb/>
              ſint, qui in mati generantur. </s>
              <s id="s.002539">De omnibus
                <lb/>
              tamen erunt intelligenda, qui in aquis or­
                <lb/>
              tum habent. </s>
              <s id="s.002540">Sed in fluminibus & torrenti­
                <lb/>
              bus ac frontibus frigiditas eſt loco ſalſugi­
                <lb/>
              nis, quæ cogit. </s>
              <s id="s.002541">Hæc autem calor eſt qui­
                <lb/>
              dam: nam calorum quidam diſſoluendo,
                <lb/>
              quidam cogendo, vtrique autem
                <expan abbr="concoquẽ-do">concoquen­
                  <lb/>
                do</expan>
              generant. </s>
              <s id="s.002542">Qui autem cogendo, frigidi­
                <lb/>
              tas ob id dicitur, quia Galeno teſte, nihil
                <lb/>
              in homine frigido coactum eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.002543">Minor ita­
                <lb/>
              que eſt, hic calor humano quamobrem fri­
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              giditatem appellamus. </s>
              <s id="s.002544">Communia igitur
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              ſunt, à tenuiore terra & à ſpuma generari.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.002545">In torrentibus igitur plures generantur la­
                <lb/>
              pides & in fluuis currrentibus, quoniam
                <lb/>
              arena tenuior, & frigiditas maior, & ſpuma
                <lb/>
              copioſior. </s>
              <s id="s.002546">Manifeſtum eſt autem quòd ſpu­
                <lb/>
              ma conſtat pinguiore aquæ parte: at­
                <lb/>
              que ſic lapides viuunt, nam & ſic plan­
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              tæ oriuntur. </s>
              <s id="s.002547">Ariſtoteli igitur hoc debe­
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              mus, qui nobis tot bonorum ſemina re­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg282"/>
                <lb/>
              liquit. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002548">
                <margin.target id="marg275"/>
              Fontes
                <expan abbr="oleũ">oleum</expan>
                <lb/>
              ſtillantes.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.002549">Cur fontes
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              oleum
                <expan abbr="ſtillẽt">ſtillent</expan>
              .</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002550">
                <margin.target id="marg276"/>
              Aquarum
                <lb/>
              colores.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002551">
                <margin.target id="marg277"/>
              Cauſæ colo­
                <lb/>
              rum aquæ.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002552">
                <margin.target id="marg278"/>
              Aquarum
                <lb/>
              odores.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002553">
                <margin.target id="marg279"/>
              Aquæ arbo­
                <lb/>
              res diuerſas
                <lb/>
              nutrientes.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002554">
                <margin.target id="marg280"/>
              Aquarum à
                <lb/>
              pondere dif­
                <lb/>
              ferentiæ.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.002555">Lib. 15. in fi­
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              ne.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.002556">Lib. 21. cap.
                <lb/>
              vlt.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.002557">Aquæ qua
                <lb/>
              lapideſcunt.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.002558">& arbores
                <lb/>
              mutant.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002559">
                <margin.target id="marg281"/>
              Ratio eorum
                <lb/>
              quæ lapideſ­
                <lb/>
              cunt.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002560">
                <margin.target id="marg282"/>
              Aqua Sty­
                <lb/>
              gia.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.002561">Sunt & alia aquarum miracula. </s>
              <s id="s.002562">Nam ru­
                <lb/>
              pe altiſſima iuxta Cyllenem montem olim
                <lb/>
              oriebatur aqua, quæ omnia vaſa terrebra
                <lb/>
              bat, ſolaque equi vngula licebat eam de­
                <lb/>
              ferre. </s>
              <s id="s.002563">Hanc Stygiam vocabant, credo quòd
                <lb/>
              ad manes homines mitteret. </s>
              <s id="s.002564">Referunt ea
                <lb/>
              ſublatum Alexandrum Magnum. </s>
              <s id="s.002565">Miſcetur
                <lb/>
              hæc aqua poſtquàm pet riuulos deſcenderit
                <lb/>
              Crathin fluuio. </s>
              <s id="s.002566">Ioſephus quoque Iudæus
                <lb/>
              refert, fuiſſe iuxta Syriam in Iudæa inter
                <lb/>
              Arcas & Raphanas vrbes Agrippæ ſubie­
                <lb/>
              ctas regi, fluuium nomine Sabbaticum, qui
                <lb/>
              diebus ſingulis flueret præterquam Sabba­
                <lb/>
              to, vnde ob hoc Sabbaticum nuncupatum.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.002567">Relatum ad religionem à rudi & credula
                <lb/>
              plebe, quòd cauſa naturali conſtat. </s>
              <s id="s.002568">Nam
                <lb/>
              tantum aquarum cogebatur, vt in ſex dies
                <lb/>
              ſufficeret, ſeptimæ non ſufficeret. </s>
              <s id="s.002569">Ea­
                <lb/>
              dem enim cauſa in circuitibus febrium
                <lb/>
              hominibus. </s>
              <s id="s.002570">Mundus autem homo ma­
                <lb/>
              gnus. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.002571">Communia autem ſunt aquis & aëri,
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg283"/>
                <lb/>
              ętheri ac cœlo, motus ac perſpicuitas. </s>
              <s id="s.002572">Æthe­
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              ri propria leuitas, puritas, tenuitas, motus
                <lb/>
              celerrimus, & quod ſit qualitatum expers,
                <lb/>
              non tamen magis, quàm cœlum. </s>
              <s id="s.002573">Aquæ verò
                <lb/>
              quoniam multæ ſunt ſpecies, ideò nihil fer­
                <lb/>
              mè poteſt habere commune. </s>
              <s id="s.002574">Sunt enim
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg284"/>
                <lb/>
              aquæ maris, lacus, fluminum, paludum, ſta­
                <lb/>
              gnorum, torrentium, fontium, puteorum,
                <lb/>
              nimboſæ, procelloſę, niuoſę, glaciales, ca­
                <lb/>
              lidæ, & quæ ciſterna colliguntur, & lacuna­
                <lb/>
              les, vt ita dicam. </s>
              <s id="s.002575">Optimæ fontium: glacia­
                <lb/>
              lis ventriculum & artus debilitat, vt niuo­
                <lb/>
              ſa, ac procelloſa, ex alto enim & frigido lo­
                <lb/>
              co illa deſcendit: minus tamen mala quàm
                <lb/>
              niuoſa, vt illa glaciali: marina medicinæ
                <lb/>
              apta. </s>
              <s id="s.002576">Torrentium & rapidorum fluuiorum,
                <lb/>
              & lacuum aqua, ſed hæc minus, hydropis
                <lb/>
              genus creat quod vocant aſcitem. </s>
              <s id="s.002577">Mollium
                <lb/>
              fluuiorum aquæ, vt Nili, Eridani, Tyberis,
                <lb/>
              proximæ fontanis: paludum mala, ſtagno­
                <lb/>
              rum deterior, peſſima lacunæ: nam pręter
                <lb/>
              hydropem, gulu herniam gignit: malum ha­
                <lb/>
              bitum creat corporis, & morbum regium,
                <lb/>
              febres, ac breuem vitam. </s>
              <s id="s.002578">Calidarum non vna
                <lb/>
              vis: ſed de his in medicis tractationibus di­
                <lb/>
              ctum eſt, ſicut & de collectis in ciſterna:
                <lb/>
              Nimboſæ falſum ( vt dixi) ac ſemiputridum
                <lb/>
              continent. </s>
              <s id="s.002579">Leuiſſimæ in omni genere tutio­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg285"/>
                <lb/>
              res, & ſeriùs putreſcunt: ſunt enim minus
                <lb/>
              humidæ, & magis concoctæ à cœleſti calo­
                <lb/>
              re: quo fit, vt quò ſunt ſicciores, & minus
                <lb/>
              etiam frigefaciant ( proximiores enim aëris
                <lb/>
              ſubſtantiæ ſunt ) eò leuiores ſint, diffici­
                <lb/>
              liuſque putreſcant, vnde longè
                <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>
              ſalu­
                <lb/>
              briores. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002580">
                <margin.target id="marg283"/>
              Aether &
                <lb/>
              aqua in qui­
                <lb/>
              bus conue­
                <lb/>
              niant ac
                <lb/>
              diſſideant.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002581">
                <margin.target id="marg284"/>
              Aquarum à
                <lb/>
              locis
                <expan abbr="differẽtiæ">differen
                  <lb/>
                tiæ</expan>
              .
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.002582">Aquarum
                <lb/>
              naturæ ac
                <lb/>
              vires.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.002583">
                <margin.target id="marg285"/>
              Cur leuiſſi
                <lb/>
              mæ aquæ
                <lb/>
              tardè putre­
                <lb/>
              ſcant.</s>
            </p>
            <figure id="id.016.01.060.1.jpg" xlink:href="016/01/060/1.jpg" number="31"/>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.002584">
                <emph type="center"/>
              LIBER TERTIVS.
                <emph.end type="center"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.002585">
                <emph type="center"/>
              De Cœlo.
                <emph.end type="center"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.002586">DICTVM eſt ſatis de Elemen­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg286"/>
                <lb/>
              tis, nunc de Cœlo tractandum
                <lb/>
              eſt, ſeu illud æternum ſit, vt
                <lb/>
              putat Ariſtoteles: ſeu genitum,
                <lb/>
              vt Plato: ſeu factum, vt Theo­
                <lb/>
              logi, variam ſubſtantiam videtur habere.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.002587">Iam primùm, quòd Albericus Veſputius
                <lb/>
              in ſua tertia ad Indos nauigatione diligen­
                <lb/>
              ter hæc de ſtellarum magnitudine tradidit,
                <lb/>
              eſſe ſcilicet Canopos tres magnos, ſed haud
                <lb/>
              claros: primum ſcilicet, partibus nouem
                <lb/>
              cum dimidio ab auſtrali polo: ſecundum,
                <lb/>
              duodecim: tertium, qui triginta duabus
                <lb/>
              partibus ab eodem polo diſtat, maximum
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg287"/>
                <lb/>
              ſed ſubnigrum. </s>
              <s id="s.002588">Conciliator refert, & ipſe
                <lb/>
              aliorum tum narrationi innitens, aſtra ibi
                <lb/>
              quædam magna eſſe ac parum ſplendi­
                <lb/>
              da, qualia ſuprà retulimus. </s>
              <s id="s.002589">Ptolemæus
                <lb/>
              etiam Canopi mentionem facit vt præ­
                <lb/>
              clari ſyderis, haud tamen magnitudinem </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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