Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.003645">
                <pb pagenum="438" xlink:href="016/01/087.jpg"/>
              doceamus quomodo cogatur. </s>
              <s id="s.003646">Cogitur autem
                <lb/>
              à calido, non quidem diſſipante, ſed attra­
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              hente. </s>
              <s id="s.003647">Id autem inferius docebimus. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003648">
                <margin.target id="marg453"/>
              2. Meteor. </s>
              <s id="s.003649">1.
                <lb/>
              Quomodo
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              aqua dulcis
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              in mari ha­
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              beatur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.003650">Itaque vt ad rem propoſitam reuertar, ſub
                <lb/>
              aqua, prima fit miſtio in terra, & ( vt di­
                <lb/>
              xi ) in montibus maximé, & miſtorum di­
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              uerſorum generatio. </s>
              <s id="s.003651">Miſtio autem eſt pro­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg454"/>
                <lb/>
              priè hîc dicta. </s>
              <s id="s.003652">Nam cùm quatuor modis
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              contingat: alia enim eſt diſſimilium, for­
                <lb/>
              mámque mutantium, & vocatur generatio
                <lb/>
              de qua hîc ſermonem habebimus: alia ve­
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              rò eorum quæ ſunt diſſimilia, nec formam
                <lb/>
              mutant omnia, quæ ſi liquidorum ſit, vo­
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              catur craſſis, vt cùm aqua & vinum miſcen­
                <lb/>
              tur: ſi autem ſit ſiccorum, vocatur miſtio, vt
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              cùm milium, & triticum, & auena ſimul iun­
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              guntur: & ſi ſimilia ſint, aceruus vocabi­
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              tur: & hoc eſt quartum miſtionis genus,
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              vt cùm frumentum ſimul cogitur in cu­
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              mulum. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003653">
                <margin.target id="marg454"/>
              Quadruplex
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              miſtionis ge­
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              nus.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.003654">Antequàm autem de perfecta loquar mi­
                <lb/>
              ſtione, de craſi, vt ſenſui magis manifeſta,
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              ſermonem ſum habiturus. </s>
              <s id="s.003655">Diximus vinum
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg455"/>
                <lb/>
              aquæ miſtum per craſim miſceri: nam cum
                <lb/>
              neutra ſubſtantia pereat, forma etiam vini
                <lb/>
              remanet. </s>
              <s id="s.003656">Itaque ne corporum mutuus da­
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              retur ingreſſus, aut diuiſio ad minima, ita
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              vt corpora conſtarent ex indiuiduis parti­
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              bus, neceſſe fuit, vt rectè Ariſtoteles de
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              augmento cenſet, formam augeri, non au­
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              tem materiam. </s>
              <s id="s.003657">Nam cùm minimo aliquid
                <lb/>
              adiicitur, totum miſceri eſt impoſſibile.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.003658">Nam ſi formæ corporeæ miſcerentur, cor­
                <lb/>
              pora ſe penetrarent. </s>
              <s id="s.003659">Sed vt in vino aquæ mi­
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              ſto forma vini vbique conſpicitur, tametſi
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              vini corpus vbique non ſit, ſic contingit in
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              vera miſtione: nam ( vt dixi ) aqua non ve­
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              rè vino miſcetur. </s>
              <s id="s.003660">Eorum enim quæ verè
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              miſcentur, formas omnes ſaltem ex parte
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              perire neceſſe eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.003661">At vini forma nequaquam
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg456"/>
                <lb/>
              perit. </s>
              <s id="s.003662">Oſtendit experimentum, aquam vino
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              non perfectè miſceri. </s>
              <s id="s.003663">Quòd ſi linteum vino
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              aquæ miſto imponatur, promineátque extra
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              vrceum, aqua è vaſe tota aſcendit per lin­
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              teum, ſyncerúmque relinquit in calice vi­
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              num. </s>
              <s id="s.003664">Quo experimento proditur dilutum
                <lb/>
              à puro: nec poſſet hoc fieri, ſi vnum, &
                <lb/>
              aqua miſcerentur. </s>
              <s id="s.003665">Rurſus aqua calicis imum
                <lb/>
              petit, ob idque inſipidus in fundo potus: &
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg457"/>
                <lb/>
              melius ong è, aquæ vinum, quàm vino
                <expan abbr="aquã">aquam</expan>
                <lb/>
              ſuperinfundere. </s>
              <s id="s.003666">Atſi ſenſim vinum aquæ
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              imponas, ſupernatabit non ſolùm argumen­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg458"/>
                <lb/>
              to dicto, ſed quòd ſi aquæ panis cruſtulum
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              priùs ſuperimponens ſuper cruſtulum ſen­
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              ſim effundas vinum, videbis non obſcurè
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              etiam detracto cruſtulo vinum aquæ ſu­
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              pernatare, nulla prorſus miſtione inita.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.003667">Ergo licet hæc tria ſeorſum in calice inſpi­
                <lb/>
              cere: atque vinum ſub oleo, & ſub vino
                <lb/>
              aquam. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003668">
                <margin.target id="marg455"/>
              Craſis quo­
                <lb/>
              modo fiat.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003669">
                <margin.target id="marg456"/>
              Quomodo
                <lb/>
              aqua à vino
                <lb/>
              ſeparetur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003670">
                <margin.target id="marg457"/>
              Quo pacto
                <lb/>
              vinum miſ­
                <lb/>
              cendum.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003671">
                <margin.target id="marg458"/>
              Quomodo
                <lb/>
              aquæ vinum
                <lb/>
              in calce ſu­
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              perſtet.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.003672">Oleum, vi­
                <lb/>
              num, aqua,
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              quod ex his
                <lb/>
              tenuius.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.003673">Quamobrem quærere iurè licet, quid ex
                <lb/>
              his tenuius. </s>
              <s id="s.003674">Nam loci cauſa, ſi quòd le­
                <lb/>
              uius eſt ſuperſtat, oleum vino, vinum aqua
                <lb/>
              leuius eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.003675">Suadet & hoc, quòd oleum
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              promptè ardeat, aqua nunquam, vinum
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              medio modo ſe habet. </s>
              <s id="s.003676">Accedit quòd vinum
                <lb/>
              oleo, Galeno teſte, parte nona eſt grauius:
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              cùm enim vas olei libras nouem continens,
                <lb/>
              effuſo oleo vino impleueris, vinum pondus
                <lb/>
              decem librarum æquabit. </s>
              <s id="s.003677">Itaque nihil oleo
                <lb/>
              ad vitæ longitudinem præſtantius, quòd te­
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              nuiſſimum ſit, pinguiſſimum, ac excremen­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg459"/>
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              torum expers: vnde fit, vt propter pingue­
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              dinem, ac tenuitatem, calorem naturalem
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              maximè accendat: ob ſinceritatem autem,
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              calorem ipſum minimè fatiget, & vias non
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              obſtruat. </s>
              <s id="s.003678">Quæ duo impedimenta, ad vitæ
                <lb/>
              breuitatem multum faciunt. </s>
              <s id="s.003679">Valeat igitur
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              mulſum, cum oleo, vti licuerit. </s>
              <s id="s.003680">Optimum
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              enim eſt, nulla prorſus excrementa gigne­
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              re: quòd illi proximum eſt, genita protinus
                <lb/>
              eieciſſe. </s>
              <s id="s.003681">Tantum enim detrimenti affert ex­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg460"/>
                <lb/>
              crementa retinuiſſe, vt vrina retenta lapi­
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              dem ſoleat procreare: ob id ludo, lectioni­
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              bus, ſcribendó que aſſueti, facilè eo morbi
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              genere corripiuntur. </s>
              <s id="s.003682">Non expellere verò
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              ſuperflua, quandoque etiam mortem affert
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              præſentaneum. </s>
              <s id="s.003683">Oleum igitur vitæ tot mo­
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              dis conducit. </s>
              <s id="s.003684">Quartum tenuitatis olei argu­
                <lb/>
              mentum eſt, quòd facilè penetret. </s>
              <s id="s.003685">Seris
                <lb/>
              ob id imponitur, vt facilè vertantur claues.
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg461"/>
                <lb/>
              Contraria ratione halinitrum ceræ miſtum
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              liquefactæ prohibet, ne omninò ocreæ tranſ­
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              mittant aquam, ſi ipſis diu ad ignem ac
                <lb/>
              diligenter imbuantur: oportet autem hali­
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              nitrum tenuiſſimè contritum eſſe. </s>
              <s id="s.003686">At ſi ce­
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              ræ pingue aliquid miſcueris, adhuc melius
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              erit. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003687">
                <margin.target id="marg459"/>
              Oleum, pro­
                <lb/>
              ducendæ vi­
                <lb/>
              tæ maximè
                <lb/>
              conducere.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003688">
                <margin.target id="marg460"/>
              Lapides ve­
                <lb/>
              ſicæ cur ge­
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              nerentur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003689">
                <margin.target id="marg461"/>
              Ocreæ ab
                <lb/>
              aqua immu­
                <lb/>
              nes quomodo
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              fiant.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.003690">Sed ad propoſitam diſputationem redeo.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.003691">Namque tria ſunt, quæ aquam & oleo, &
                <lb/>
              vno tenuiorem eſſe oſtendunt. </s>
              <s id="s.003692">Primùm,
                <lb/>
              quòd ſi aqua & oleum miſceantur, ignique
                <lb/>
              in vaſe ſuperponantur, priùs tota abſumi­
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              tur aqua, quàm olei fermè ſtilla, cùm ta­
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              men aqua frigiditate ſua magis repugnet, &
                <lb/>
              in imo poſita minus recipiat caloris, cùm
                <lb/>
              lebes ibi frigeat, nec vix poſſit exhalare
                <lb/>
              oleo oppreſſa, etiamſi in aërem vertatur. </s>
              <s id="s.003693">Se­
                <lb/>
              cundum, quòd vt quis aquam ebiberit æſta­
                <lb/>
              te, protinus per ſudorem prodit: non ſic
                <lb/>
              oleum, vinúmve. </s>
              <s id="s.003694">Tertium, quòd ſit magis
                <lb/>
              perſpicua vtriſque. </s>
              <s id="s.003695">Sed perſpicuitatis cau­
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              ſa eſt, quòd colore careat: celeris reſolu­
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              tionis, quòd minimè pinguis ſit: ſudoris,
                <lb/>
              quòd non nutritat, & quòd ob frigus ca­
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              lidum iam diſſolutum humorem foras pro­
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              trudat: neque ipſa exit, ſed tantum mo­
                <lb/>
              do expellit feruentem humoris ſeroſam par­
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              tem. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.003696">At dices Ariſtotelem ſentire, quòd aqua
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg462"/>
                <lb/>
              oleo ſit tenuior. </s>
              <s id="s.003697">Sed per tenue, rarum ac
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              minimè viſcidum, vel etiam non coactum
                <lb/>
              intellexit. </s>
              <s id="s.003698">Vinum forſan aquæ, quòd ſu­
                <lb/>
              pernatet, præferet: id tamen non demon­
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              ſtrat: nam & pinguedo aquæ ſuperſtat, quo­
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              niam coacta eſt: nec enim deſcendit quod
                <lb/>
              tenax eſt, vt nec tenuis plumbea lamina:
                <lb/>
              nam quæ pinguia ſunt, non merguntur,
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              etiam ſi grauiora eſſent, non ſolùm quòd aë­
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              rem contineant, ſed etiam quòd ſimul deſ­
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              cendere coguntur. </s>
              <s id="s.003699">His omnibus ſerum eſt
                <lb/>
              longè tenuius, nam ſi ferueat, celerri­
                <lb/>
              mè abſumitur: vnde plus multo aſſumere
                <lb/>
              ſolent in decoctis: aut his maximè con­
                <lb/>
              gruit, quæ non diu coqui poſtulant. </s>
              <s id="s.003700">Ergo
                <lb/>
              talia cùm vix miſceantur, craſim nunquam
                <lb/>
              facient. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003701">
                <margin.target id="marg462"/>
              Lib. de ſenſu
                <lb/>
              & ſenſili.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.003702">Eadem ratione nec vino lac miſcetur. </s>
              <s id="s.003703">So­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg463"/>
                <lb/>
              lent enim corruptum vinum in vas mun­
                <lb/>
              dum transferre, lactiſque partem decimam </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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